Biochemistry Overview Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the result of an oxygen atom sharing its outer shell electrons with two hydrogen atoms?

  • Formation of an anion and a cation
  • Formation of an acid
  • Ionization
  • Formation of a molecule of water (correct)

Which of the following best describes a measurement of hydrogen ion concentration?

  • Atomic mass
  • pH (correct)
  • Atomic number
  • Isotope

If an atom has 4 protons, 4 neutrons, and 4 electrons, what is its atomic mass?

  • 16
  • 12
  • 8 (correct)
  • 4

What is the term for the sharing of electrons between atoms?

<p>Covalent bonding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pH value considered neutral?

<p>7.00 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of ion has 8 protons and 9 electrons?

<p>Anion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which NaCl dissociates into Na+ and Cl- called?

<p>Ionization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a catalyst?

<p>Increases the speed of a chemical reaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of an enzyme in a biological system?

<p>To act as a biological catalyst (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Two atoms both have 3 protons and 3 electrons, but the first has 4 neutrons and the second has 3 neutrons. What term best describes this relationship?

<p>They are a pair of isotopes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to a solution with an initial pH of 7.45, what is the expected outcome?

<p>The hydrogen ion ([H+]) concentration of the solution will increase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is correct regarding Na+?

<p>It’s an electrolyte important in biological processes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given that blood typically has a pH range of 7.35 to 7.45, what does this indicate about its nature?

<p>It is considered to be alkaline. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term accurately describes a solution where alcohol serves as the solvent?

<p>Tincture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these ions is classified as an anion?

<p>Chloride ion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a waste product of cellular metabolism?

<p>Carbon dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the function of an enzyme?

A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. Enzymes are biological catalysts, typically proteins that facilitate specific chemical reactions in living organisms.

What are isotopes?

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. They have the same atomic number but different atomic masses.

What happens to the pH of a solution when an acid is added?

The addition of an acid to a solution with a pH of 7.45 will increase the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in the solution, making it more acidic. This will lower the pH of the solution.

What is a cation?

A positively charged ion. It is formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.

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What is a tincture?

A solution in which the solvent is alcohol.

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What is an anion?

Negatively charged ions. They are formed when an atom gains one or more electrons.

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What is a mixture?

A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded. Each substance retains its own properties. A mixture can be separated by physical means.

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Which solution has a higher concentration of hydrogen ions, acidic or alkaline?

A solution with a lower concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) is more alkaline. Solutions with higher concentrations of H+ are considered acidic.

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What is pH?

pH is a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution. A lower pH indicates higher H+ concentration, making the solution more acidic. A higher pH indicates lower H+ concentration, making the solution more alkaline or basic.

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What is a neutral pH?

A solution with a pH of 7.0 is considered neutral. This means it contains equal concentrations of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-).

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What type of substance is NaCl?

Table salt, NaCl, is an electrolyte. Electrolytes are substances that dissociate into ions when dissolved in water, allowing them to conduct electricity.

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What is the atomic number?

The atomic number of an atom is determined by the number of protons in its nucleus. Each element has a unique atomic number.

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How is water formed?

When an oxygen atom shares electrons with two hydrogen atoms, they form a molecule of water (H2O). This sharing of electrons is called covalent bonding.

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What is the atomic mass of an atom with 4 protons, 4 neutrons, and 4 electrons?

An atom with 4 protons, 4 neutrons, and 4 electrons has an atomic mass of 8. Atomic mass is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

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What is the universal solvent?

Water (H2O) is referred to as the universal solvent because it can dissolve more substances than any other liquid. This is due to its polar nature and ability to form hydrogen bonds.

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What is ionization?

Ionization is the process of forming ions by the gain or loss of electrons. NaCl, for instance, dissociates into Na+ and Cl- ions in water.

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Study Notes

Enzyme Function

  • Enzymes act as catalysts
  • Catalysts speed up chemical reactions

Atomic Structure and Isotopes

  • Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons are isotopes
  • The provided example describes isotopes

Acid-Base Reactions and pH

  • Adding HCl to a solution raises [H+] concentration, lowering pH
  • A pH of 7.45 in a solution with the addition of HCl would decrease the pH

Ions and Electrolytes

  • Na+ is a cation, a positively charged ion
  • Na+ is an electrolyte

Blood pH

  • Blood pH is 7.35-7.45, making it slightly alkaline (not acidic)

Solutions and Solvents

  • A solution with alcohol as the solvent is a tincture
  • Water is the universal solvent

Ions (Anions and Cations)

  • Chloride (Cl-) is an anion (negatively charged ion)

Cellular Metabolism Waste

  • Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a waste product of cellular metabolism

Mixtures

  • A combination of sugar and iron filings is a mixture

Anions

  • HCO3- (bicarbonate) is an anion

Cations

  • A cation is a positively charged ion

Hydrogen Ion Concentration and pH

  • A solution with a lower pH has a higher concentration of hydrogen ions ([H+])

Blood pH and Acidity/Alkalinity

  • A blood pH of 7.28 indicates acidosis (excess H+)

Bonding Types

  • Ionic and covalent bonding describes how atoms form compounds through sharing or swapping electrons

Energy Transfer

  • ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the energy-transferring molecule

Neutral pH

  • A neutral pH is 7.00

Electrolytes

  • NaCl (table salt) is an electrolyte

pH Measurement

  • pH measures the concentration of hydrogen ions ([H+])

Water Formation

  • Water forms when oxygen shares electrons with hydrogen atoms

Atomic Mass and Number

  • An atom with 4 protons, 4 neutrons, and 4 electrons has an atomic mass of 8 and an atomic number of 4

Water (Chemical Formula)

  • Water is formed by one oxygen atom bonded covalently to two hydrogen atoms

pH and Alkalinity

  • A solution with a pH of 8 is more alkaline than blood

Ions and Atomic Structure

  • An ion with 8 protons and 9 electrons is an anion

Acidic/Alkaline pH

  • A solution with a pH of 6.8 is acidic

Catalysts

  • Catalysts increase the speed of chemical reactions

Covalent Bonds

  • Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electrons

Atomic Components

  • Electrons orbit the nucleus of the atom

Universal Solvent

  • Water is the universal solvent

Ionization

  • Ionization is the dissociation of a compound into its ions (e.g., NaCl into Na+ and Cl-)

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