Biochemistry of Lipids Lecture 1
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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe fatty acids with double bonds?

  • Saturated
  • Polyunsaturated
  • Hydrogenated
  • Unsaturated (correct)

What is the effect of double bonds on the melting points of fatty acids?

  • Varies depending on the type of fatty acid
  • Has no effect on the melting points
  • Decreases the melting points (correct)
  • Increases the melting points

What is the term used to describe fatty acids that cannot be synthesized by the body?

  • Unsaturated fatty acids
  • Omega-3 fatty acids
  • Saturated fatty acids
  • Essential fatty acids (correct)

What is the shorthand representation of the fatty acid oleic acid?

<p>18:1:9 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the symbol used to indicate the site of unsaturation in a fatty acid?

<p>Δ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe fatty acids with multiple double bonds?

<p>Polyunsaturated (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shorthand representation of the fatty acid arachidonic acid?

<p>20:4:5,8,11,14 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the system used to describe the site of unsaturation in a fatty acid?

<p>Delta system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason lipids are insoluble in water?

<p>Due to their hydrophobic and nonpolar nature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy value of 1 gram of fat?

<p>9 calories (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lipids in membrane structure?

<p>To regulate membrane permeability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fatty acid has multiple sites of unsaturation?

<p>Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical number of carbons in a fatty acid?

<p>Between 12 and 20 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the hydrocarbon tail in fatty acids?

<p>Nonpolar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lipids in cellular metabolism?

<p>To act as cellular metabolic regulators (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of saturated fatty acids?

<p>They contain no carbon-carbon double bonds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Lipids

  • Lipids are hydrophobic, nonpolar molecules, soluble in nonpolar solvents and insoluble in polar solvents like water.

Fatty Acids

  • Fatty acids belong to the carboxylic acid family and contain a carboxylic acid group, making them polar.
  • They also have a long hydrocarbon tail, making them nonpolar overall.
  • Fatty acids typically contain between 12 and 20 carbon atoms, usually an even number.
  • Fatty acids with no carbon-carbon double bonds are saturated, while those with double bonds are unsaturated, and those with multiple sites of unsaturation are polyunsaturated (PUFAs).

Properties of Fatty Acids

  • Melting points of saturated fatty acids increase with the number of carbon atoms.
  • Unsaturation lowers the melting points of fatty acids due to the cis configuration of double bonds.
  • The common fatty acids found in biological systems are shown in Table 8.1 of Raymond.

Essential Fatty Acids

  • Essential fatty acids (EFAs) are unsaturated fatty acids that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be supplied in the diet.
  • Examples of EFAs include linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid.

Representation of Fatty Acids

  • The shorthand representation of fatty acids includes the total number of carbon atoms, the number of double bonds, and the position of double bonds, starting from the carboxyl end.
  • Examples of shorthand representation include palmitic acid (16:0), oleic acid (18:1:9), and arachidonic acid (20:4;5,8,11,14).

Delta System

  • The site of unsaturation in a fatty acid is indicated by the symbol Δ and the number of the first carbon of the double bond relative to the carboxylic acid group (–COOH).
  • Example: palmitoleic acid is designated as 16:1Δ9, indicating a 16-carbon fatty acid with one site of unsaturation between carbons 9 and 10.

Function of Lipids

  • Lipids are a source of high energy value (1 gram = 9 calories).
  • Lipids are constituents of membrane structure and regulate membrane permeability.
  • Lipids serve as a source of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, K, and E).
  • Lipids are important as cellular metabolic regulators (steroid hormones and prostaglandins).
  • Lipids (phospholipids) participate in the electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membranes.

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Description

This quiz covers the introduction to lipids, their characteristics, and types including fatty acids, triglycerides, steroids, and eicosanoids.

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