Biochemistry of Life Processes

<p>Ionic Interactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen bond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linear geometry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gold (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linear atomic arrangement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Van der Waals interactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Double bonds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They depend on temporary fluctuations in electron distribution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>pH decreases due to an increase in hydrogen ion concentration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrophobic effects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concentrations of acid and conjugate base are equal. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Van der Waals interactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is high, approximately 80. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It lowers the pH. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uneven distribution of electrons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are less favored compared to interactions among water molecules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concentration of the acid is greater than its conjugate base. (B), The concentration of the conjugate base is greater than the acid. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They maintain a stable pH due to dynamic equilibrium. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bicarbonate concentration decreases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They dissociate completely, preventing stable pH. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain blood pH within a stable range. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The buffer will release protons to stabilize pH. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reversible reactions that maintain stable pH. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The buffer neutralizes hydroxide ions to stabilize pH. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases bicarbonate concentration through enhanced elimination. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To keep blood pH around 7.4 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>8 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Entropy measures the randomness of molecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen bonds and disulfide bridges (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It supplies oxygen to muscle cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Involves multiple binded polypeptide chains (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The heat content of a system during a process (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positively charged amino acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pKa value of carbonic acid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are identical in molecular formula but differ in spatial arrangement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of chemical processes happening in living organisms.

A chemical bond formed by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Different ways of representing the same molecule that differ only in electron distribution.

The ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond.

A weak attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom and a more electronegative atom.

Attractive forces between molecules that are not covalent bonds.

Attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Weak attraction between atoms due to temporary shifts in electron distribution.

Compounds crucial for life, mostly carbon-based.

Carbon is essential to life, forming the backbone of many biological compounds.

Weak, attractive forces between molecules due to temporary fluctuations in electron distribution.

A molecule with a separation of charge, resulting in a positive and negative pole.

Strong attractive forces between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom (e.g., O, N) and another electronegative atom in a different molecule.

Interactions between nonpolar molecules that are driven by the water molecules' tendency to associate with each other.

Water readily dissolves many substances, especially polar and charged compounds due to hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions.

Water molecules interact strongly with each other due to hydrogen bonds.

A proton (H+) donor.

Proton acceptor in a chemical reaction.

Measure of H+ concentration in a solution, ranging from 0 to 14.

pH at which half of the acid is dissociated into its conjugate base.

A graph that shows the change in pH of a solution as a titrant is added.

The pH at which half of a weak acid is protonated (and half deprotonated).

An acid that does not fully dissociate in water.

A solution that resists changes in pH.

An acid that can donate more than one proton (H+).

Proton acceptor.

Increased CO2 removal causes a decrease in acidity (alkalosis). Then bicarbonate shifts to restore blood pH

Carbonic acid (H2CO3) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) in blood maintain pH between 7.35-7.45.

Strong acids/bases do not make good buffers.

Organic compound possessing both amino and carboxyl functional groups.

The human body maintains its pH between 7.2 and 7.5 using buffers like the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer, which keeps blood pH near 7.4.

A buffer system in blood that helps maintain a stable pH.

The pH at which half of carbonic acid molecules are dissociated. It’s 6.1 in this case.

Molecules with the same atomic connections but different spatial arrangements.

Carbon atoms bonded to four different groups.

The number of stereoisomers in a compound is 2^n, where n is the number of asymmetric carbon atoms.

Proteins are composed of amino acids, and their structure is defined by primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary forms, in which they have different bonds.

A protein that stores oxygen in muscle tissue, with a heme prosthetic group.

The 3D arrangement of a polypeptide chain, stabilized by various interactions like hydrogen bonds and disulfide bonds.

The arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains (subunits) in a protein complex, similar to tertiary structure in properties.