26 Questions
What is a characteristic of non-steroidal hormones in terms of solubility?
Hydrophilic
Which type of hormone has a longer half-life?
Steroidal hormone
Where are the receptors for non-steroidal hormones typically located?
Plasma membrane
What is the mechanism of response for non-steroidal hormones?
Second messenger system
Which type of hormone response is typically slower?
Steroidal hormone response
What is the primary function of the liver in regards to hormone regulation?
Metabolic inactivation of hormones
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of hormone removal?
Synthesis of hormone antagonists
What is the general category of compounds that norepinephrine is derived from?
Amino acid derivatives
What is the functional group present in the structure of thyroxine?
Hydroxyl (-OH)
What is the role of the kidney in hormone regulation?
Excretion of hormones
What is the primary mechanism of hormone removal by target cells?
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Which of the following compounds is synthesized from two amino acids?
Amino acid derivative
What is the common feature of the structures of norepinephrine and thyroxine?
Presence of a hydroxyl group
What is the net effect of hormone removal on hormone levels?
Decreased hormone levels
Which of the following is an example of a steroid?
Cholesterol
How do hydrophobic steroid and thyroid hormones typically circulate in the body?
Via the bloodstream on transport proteins
What is a characteristic of hydrophobic steroid and thyroid hormones in terms of their interaction with cell membranes?
They can diffuse through the cell membrane
What is the location of the receptors activated by hydrophobic steroid and thyroid hormones?
Cytoplasm
What is a requirement for the activity of hydrophobic steroid and thyroid hormones?
They must diffuse through the cell membrane
What is a unique characteristic of the receptors activated by hydrophobic steroid and thyroid hormones?
They are cytoplasmic receptors
What is the function of oxytocin in lactating glands?
Stimulates contraction of myoepithelial cells
Where are the neurons that synthesize hormones located?
In the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus
What is the function of ADH in the kidney?
Increases permeability to water in distal convoluted tubules and collecting tubules
What type of axons are found in the hypothalamohypophysial tract?
Unmyelinated axons
What stimulates the release of oxytocin during childbirth?
Vaginal and cervical distension
What are the supportive cells called in the hypothalamus?
Pituicytes
This quiz covers the synthesis and structure of amino acid derivatives, including norepinephrine and thyroxine, as well as steroids. Test your knowledge of biochemistry and molecular structures!
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