Biochemistry of Amino Acid Derivatives
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of non-steroidal hormones in terms of solubility?

  • Hydrophilic (correct)
  • Lipophilic
  • Insoluble
  • Amphipathic

Which type of hormone has a longer half-life?

  • Peptide hormone
  • Steroidal hormone (correct)
  • Non-steroidal hormone
  • Amino acid hormone

Where are the receptors for non-steroidal hormones typically located?

  • Nucleus
  • Inside vesicle
  • Plasma membrane (correct)
  • Cytoplasm

What is the mechanism of response for non-steroidal hormones?

<p>Second messenger system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hormone response is typically slower?

<p>Steroidal hormone response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the liver in regards to hormone regulation?

<p>Metabolic inactivation of hormones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of hormone removal?

<p>Synthesis of hormone antagonists (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general category of compounds that norepinephrine is derived from?

<p>Amino acid derivatives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the functional group present in the structure of thyroxine?

<p>Hydroxyl (-OH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the kidney in hormone regulation?

<p>Excretion of hormones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of hormone removal by target cells?

<p>Receptor-mediated endocytosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is synthesized from two amino acids?

<p>Amino acid derivative (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common feature of the structures of norepinephrine and thyroxine?

<p>Presence of a hydroxyl group (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net effect of hormone removal on hormone levels?

<p>Decreased hormone levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a steroid?

<p>Cholesterol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do hydrophobic steroid and thyroid hormones typically circulate in the body?

<p>Via the bloodstream on transport proteins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of hydrophobic steroid and thyroid hormones in terms of their interaction with cell membranes?

<p>They can diffuse through the cell membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the receptors activated by hydrophobic steroid and thyroid hormones?

<p>Cytoplasm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a requirement for the activity of hydrophobic steroid and thyroid hormones?

<p>They must diffuse through the cell membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique characteristic of the receptors activated by hydrophobic steroid and thyroid hormones?

<p>They are cytoplasmic receptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of oxytocin in lactating glands?

<p>Stimulates contraction of myoepithelial cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the neurons that synthesize hormones located?

<p>In the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ADH in the kidney?

<p>Increases permeability to water in distal convoluted tubules and collecting tubules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of axons are found in the hypothalamohypophysial tract?

<p>Unmyelinated axons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the release of oxytocin during childbirth?

<p>Vaginal and cervical distension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the supportive cells called in the hypothalamus?

<p>Pituicytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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