24 Questions
What is the location of fatty acid biosynthesis in animal cells?
Cytosol
What is the product of catabolism of fatty acids?
Acetyl-CoA and NADH
What is the role of NADPH in fatty acid synthesis?
Provides reducing power for the reaction
In which organelle does fatty acid biosynthesis take place in plant cells?
Chloroplast
What is the function of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase reaction in fatty acid synthesis?
Converts acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA
How are fatty acids built during synthesis?
One acetate unit at a time
What is the net result of each cycle of condensation and reduction in palmitate synthesis?
Addition of 2 carbon atoms to the fatty acyl chain
How many ATP molecules are required to synthesize 7 malonyl-CoA molecules?
7 ATP
What is the role of NADPH in palmitate synthesis?
To reduce the b-keto group and trans-double bond
What is the functional role of the —SH group in phosphopantetheine during fatty acid synthesis?
Site of entry of malonyl groups
What is the byproduct of the reaction that forms malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA?
CO2 + ADP + Pi
What is the primary function of the enzyme thioesterase in fatty acid synthesis?
Releases the palmitate product from ACP
What is the final product of the seven cycles of condensation and reduction in palmitate synthesis?
A fatty acid with 16 carbon atoms
What is the additional energy cost in eukaryotes for palmitate synthesis?
2 ATP
What is the byproduct of the condensation reaction between an activated acyl group and malonyl-CoA?
CO2 only
What is the role of the enzyme β-ketoacyl-ACP reductase in fatty acid synthesis?
Reduction of the carbonyl to hydroxyl
What is the function of the acyl carrier protein (ACP) in fatty acid synthesis?
Carries the growing fatty acyl chain
What is the characteristic of the mammalian fatty acid synthase (FAS I)?
A homodimer of a single 240 kD polypeptide with all catalytic activities
What is the effect of an increase in acetyl-CoA concentration on citrate production?
Citrate production is activated
Which of the following hormones phosphorylates and inactivates ACC when energy is needed?
Two answers are correct
What is the feedback inhibitor of ACC?
Palmitoyl-CoA
What is the result of insulin signaling on ACC activity?
ACC is dephosphorylated and activated
What is the purpose of citrate in fatty acid synthesis regulation?
To signal energy excess
What is the primary source of electrons for the desaturation of fatty acids in vertebrates?
NADPH
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