Biochemistry Lecture 4: Plasma Enzymes
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of functional enzymes in the blood?

  • To diagnose diseases
  • To synthesize bilirubin
  • To increase in response to tissue damage
  • To perform a physiologic function in the blood (correct)
  • Which of the following is NOT a source of non-functional plasma enzymes?

  • Increased permeability of cell membrane
  • Cell damage with the release of its content of enzymes into the blood
  • Synthesis of new enzymes by the liver (correct)
  • Routine normal destruction of erythrocytes
  • What is the medical importance of measuring non-functional plasma enzymes?

  • To diagnose only myocardial infarction
  • To diagnose and monitor diseases, as well as to follow up the effect of treatment (correct)
  • To synthesize new enzymes in the liver
  • To determine the normal range of enzymes in the blood
  • Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down starch and glycogen to maltose?

    <p>Amylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is synthesized in response to increased bilirubin levels in obstructive liver diseases?

    <p>Alkaline phosphatase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of Lipase production?

    <p>Pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is commonly elevated in the plasma of patients with prostatic cancer?

    <p>Acid Phosphatase (ACP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for enzymes that perform unknown physiologic function in blood?

    <p>Non-functional enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of enzymes in the diagnosis of diseases?

    <p>Different organs cause elevation of different plasma enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases can cause an increase in serum LDH?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Alkaline Phosphatase?

    <p>catalyzing the hydrolysis of organic phosphate esters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the use of enzymes as reagents?

    <p>For determination of normal and pathological components in serum, urine, gastric juice, etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do non-functional plasma enzymes increase in response to tissue damage or necrosis?

    <p>Because the cell releases its content of enzymes into the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is present in all cells of the body?

    <p>Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of salivary Amylase?

    <p>initiating the digestion of complex carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is elevated in the plasma of patients with acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Amylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lysozyme in saliva?

    <p>To attack the cell walls of bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is involved in the formation of dental plaque and the initiation of caries?

    <p>Glucosyltransferases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of enzyme biomarkers in dental diagnosis?

    <p>To indicate periodontal disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using enzymes like papain and bromelain in dental materials and procedures?

    <p>To break down surface proteins and aid in the removal of the impression from the oral cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of enzyme-based tests in dental diagnosis?

    <p>To assess the breakdown of connective tissues in oral diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using enzymes like hyaluronidase in periodontal therapy?

    <p>To enhance the effectiveness of local anesthetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of collagenase in periodontal therapy?

    <p>To facilitate the removal of diseased tissue and promote periodontal healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of dental caries?

    <p>The demineralization of tooth structures due to bacterial acid production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Plasma Enzymes

    • Blood plasma contains functional and non-functional enzymes
    • Functional enzymes perform physiological functions in the blood, examples include lipoprotein lipase, pseudocholinesterase, and enzymes of blood coagulation
    • Non-functional enzymes arise from the routine destruction of cells or tissue damage/necrosis and can be used in diagnosis
    • Sources of non-functional plasma enzymes include:
      • Increased enzyme synthesis
      • Increased permeability of cell membrane
      • Cell damage with release of enzymes into the blood

    Medical Importance of Non-Functional Plasma Enzymes

    • Measurement of non-functional enzymes is important for:
      • Diagnosis of diseases, as different enzymes are elevated in different organ diseases
      • Prognosis of diseases, by following up the effect of treatment on enzyme levels
    • Enzymes of diagnostic value include:
      • Amylase, which breaks down starch and glycogen to maltose
      • Lipase, which is elevated in pancreatic disease and inflammation
      • Aspartate Amino Transaminase (AST) and Alanine Amino Transaminase (ALT), which are elevated in heart, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney, and erythrocyte damage
      • Acid Phosphatase (ACP), which is elevated in prostatic cancer
      • Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), which is elevated in liver, heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, and neoplastic diseases
      • Alkaline phosphatase, which is elevated in bone and liver diseases
      • Creatine Kinase, which is elevated in muscle damage

    Enzymes in Dentistry

    • Salivary enzymes, such as amylase, lysozyme, salivary peroxidase, and lactoperoxidase, are important for maintaining oral health
    • Enzymes can be used in dental diagnosis, such as:
      • Elevated alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase in saliva indicating periodontal disease
      • Enzyme-based tests, such as measuring matrix metalloproteinases, to assess breakdown of connective tissues in oral diseases
    • Enzymes are involved in dental materials and procedures, such as:
      • Using papain and bromelain to break down surface proteins
      • Using enzymes in denture cleansers to remove biofilm
    • Enzymes and dental caries:
      • Enzymes produced by oral bacteria contribute to the formation of dental plaque and initiation of caries
    • Enzymes in periodontal therapy:
      • Enzymatic therapy is used as an adjunct to periodontal treatment
      • Enzymes like collagenase and hyaluronidase are used to break down collagen fibers and facilitate periodontal healing

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    Description

    This quiz covers the clinical significance of enzymes, specifically functional and non-functional enzymes present in blood plasma, and their physiologic functions.

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