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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a polymer?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a polymer?
Pharmaceutical biochemistry focuses solely on the synthesis of drugs.
Pharmaceutical biochemistry focuses solely on the synthesis of drugs.
False (B)
What are the four main types of monomers that make up biomolecules?
What are the four main types of monomers that make up biomolecules?
Sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, nucleotides
The study of how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted from the body is called ______.
The study of how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted from the body is called ______.
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Which of the following is NOT a key area of focus within pharmaceutical biochemistry?
Which of the following is NOT a key area of focus within pharmaceutical biochemistry?
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Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is NOT a branch of biochemistry mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a branch of biochemistry mentioned in the text?
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Pharmaceutical biochemistry is primarily focused on the production of cleaning products.
Pharmaceutical biochemistry is primarily focused on the production of cleaning products.
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What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?
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The study of chemical substances within living organisms and their interactions is known as ______.
The study of chemical substances within living organisms and their interactions is known as ______.
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Match the biochemical substance with its primary role in the body:
Match the biochemical substance with its primary role in the body:
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Which of the following is NOT an application of biochemical tests?
Which of the following is NOT an application of biochemical tests?
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Clinical biochemistry primarily focuses on the development of new medications.
Clinical biochemistry primarily focuses on the development of new medications.
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What are the three major parts of a cell?
What are the three major parts of a cell?
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Nucleic acids are made up of repeating units called nucleotides.
Nucleic acids are made up of repeating units called nucleotides.
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What are the two main types of nucleic acids found in cells?
What are the two main types of nucleic acids found in cells?
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DNA acts as a ______ and ______ of genetic information.
DNA acts as a ______ and ______ of genetic information.
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What is the primary role of RNA in the cell?
What is the primary role of RNA in the cell?
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Match the following terms with their corresponding descriptions:
Match the following terms with their corresponding descriptions:
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What is the recommended daily dosage range for Atorvastatin?
What is the recommended daily dosage range for Atorvastatin?
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High glycated hemoglobin levels indicate good blood glucose control.
High glycated hemoglobin levels indicate good blood glucose control.
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What is the primary function of renal and liver function tests in the context of drug use?
What is the primary function of renal and liver function tests in the context of drug use?
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Prokaryotic cells lack a well-defined nucleus.
Prokaryotic cells lack a well-defined nucleus.
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Explain the relationship between biochemistry and medicine, as illustrated in the provided content.
Explain the relationship between biochemistry and medicine, as illustrated in the provided content.
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The depletion of intracellular cholesterol can be a potential side effect of a ______ agent.
The depletion of intracellular cholesterol can be a potential side effect of a ______ agent.
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Which of the following is NOT a primary application of clinical pharmacology?
Which of the following is NOT a primary application of clinical pharmacology?
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The cell is considered the basic unit of biological activity.
The cell is considered the basic unit of biological activity.
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Why is knowledge of biochemical principles essential for understanding and treating diseases?
Why is knowledge of biochemical principles essential for understanding and treating diseases?
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Which of these cellular organelles is responsible for the degradation of damaged or faulty proteins?
Which of these cellular organelles is responsible for the degradation of damaged or faulty proteins?
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Sickle-cell Anemia is characterized by an accumulation of phenylalanine in the body.
Sickle-cell Anemia is characterized by an accumulation of phenylalanine in the body.
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What is the primary function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?
What is the primary function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum?
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Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by a build-up of ______ in the blood vessels.
Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by a build-up of ______ in the blood vessels.
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Match the following conditions with their corresponding biochemical abnormalities:
Match the following conditions with their corresponding biochemical abnormalities:
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Which of the following is a common screening test for the early diagnosis of diseases?
Which of the following is a common screening test for the early diagnosis of diseases?
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A low phenylalanine diet is used to treat hypercholesterolemia.
A low phenylalanine diet is used to treat hypercholesterolemia.
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What is the function of the cytosol?
What is the function of the cytosol?
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The ______ is responsible for the storage of most of a cell's DNA.
The ______ is responsible for the storage of most of a cell's DNA.
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Match the following conditions with their corresponding diagnostic tests:
Match the following conditions with their corresponding diagnostic tests:
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Which of the following is used for monitoring the progress of a disease?
Which of the following is used for monitoring the progress of a disease?
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Chromosomes are located within the cytoplasm of a cell.
Chromosomes are located within the cytoplasm of a cell.
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What are the main roles of genes within the nucleus?
What are the main roles of genes within the nucleus?
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Study Notes
Biochemistry Lecture 1: Introduction
- Biochemistry is the study of chemical substances and interactions in living organisms.
- It includes chemical reactions, catalysts, and metabolic processes.
- It's crucial for developing medical and cleaning products, and DNA technologies.
Branches of Biochemistry
- Medical Biochemistry: Focuses on the functioning of organisms, both normal and diseased, and laboratory management in healthcare.
- Clinical Biochemistry: Deals with analyzing and interpreting chemical tests to diagnose and treat patients.
- Pharmaceutical Biochemistry: Examines how drugs affect biological systems, including human health and illness. This also covers drug delivery, enzymology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacology.
Biographical Importance
- Biochem is vital to comprehending the interplay between molecules and diseases.
- Understanding mechanisms of disease allows for targeted treatments.
- Testing and assessment of disease progression and response to treatments is important.
The Cell (General Structure)
- Cells: The fundamental units of biological activity.
- Prokaryotes: Lack a defined nucleus (e.g., bacteria).
- Eukaryotes: Contain a defined nucleus (e.g., animals, plants).
- The Cell's Parts: Plasma membrane (separates internal & external environments), Cytoplasm (holds internal components), nucleus (contains most of the cell's DNA)
Biomolecules
- Proteins: Fundamental building blocks and function of cells. They are made up of amino acids.
- Nucleic Acids: Polymer molecules whose repeating units are nucleotides. DNA (stores genetic info); RNA (required for protein synthesis).
- Carbohydrates: Short-term energy source, stored long-term energy, structural components of membranes.
- Lipids: Long-term energy storage and structural components of membranes.
- Bio-inorganic substances: Substances that lack carbon in their composition, including water and salts.
Applications of Biochemical Testing
- Disease Diagnosis: Identifying and assessing the nature and mechanisms of diseases.
- Treatment Decisions: Determining appropriate treatments based on the fundamental causes.
- Disease Monitoring: Evaluating disease progression and treatment response.
- Prenatal Diagnosis: Screening for diseases early through prenatal testing.
- Newborn Screening: Detects congenital issues in newborns through biochemical analysis.
Key Terms
- Polymer: A large molecule formed by repeating smaller molecules (monomers).
- Monomer: The smaller molecules that make up a polymer.
- Drugs: Chemical substances used to treat diseases, diseases affect living organisms and their chemical processes.
- Atorvastatin: A medicine for hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol).
- Enzymes: Biological catalysts that speed up reactions in living organisms.
- Pharmacokinetics: Study of how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted.
- Pharmacodynamics: Study of how drugs affect biological systems.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of biochemistry, including the study of chemical substances and interactions in living organisms. It explores the various branches of biochemistry, such as medical and pharmaceutical biochemistry, and their importance in understanding diseases and drug effects. Test your knowledge of the key principles and applications of biochemistry!
