Biochemistry Functional Groups and Amino Acids

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Questions and Answers

What is the alcohol functional group?

O-H

What is the structure of the carboxyl acid functional group?

O || C-O-H

What is the structure of the aldehyde functional group?

O || C

What is the thiol functional group?

S-H Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the amine functional group?

N / H H Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the organic phosphate functional group?

O || O-P-O' | O Signup and view all the answers

Which polymers are composed of amino acids?

Proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not attached to the central carbon atom in an amino acid?

An oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Which part of an amino acid is always acidic?

Carboxyl functional group Signup and view all the answers

Which monomers make up RNA?

Nucleotides Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the formation of polypeptides from amino acids is true?

A bond forms between the carboxyl functional group of one amino acid and the amino functional group of the other amino acid. Signup and view all the answers

Enzymes in the digestive tract catalyze hydrolysis reactions.

True Signup and view all the answers

Glycogen is _____

A polysaccharide found in animals Signup and view all the answers

Glucose + glucose —> _ by _.

Maltose + water...dehydration synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a source of lactose?

Milk Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a polysaccharide?

Cellulose Signup and view all the answers

_____ is the most abundant organic compound on Earth.

Cellulose Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is not a carbohydrate?

Lipid Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about monosaccharide structure is true?

Monosaccharides can be classified according to the spatial arrangement of their atoms. Signup and view all the answers

Peptidoglycan is a polysaccharide found only in bacteria.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which complex carbohydrate contains only a-1,4-glycosidic linkages?

Amylose Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following complex carbohydrates is listed with its correct function?

Cellulose: structural component of plant cell walls Signup and view all the answers

Which polysaccharide contains a modified monosaccharide?

Peptidoglycan Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a lipid?

RNA Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is rich in unsaturated fats?

Olive oil Signup and view all the answers

What is one function of cholesterol that does not harm health?

As a component of animal cell membranes Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Functional Groups

Alcohol: Characterized by the hydroxyl group (O-H).
Carboxyl Acid: Composed of carbonyl (C=O) and hydroxyl (C-O-H) functional groups.
Aldehyde: Identified by the carbonyl group (C=O) situated at the end of the molecule.
Thiol: Contains a sulfhydryl group (S-H).
Amine: Features a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms (N-H₂).
Organic Phosphate: Comprised of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms, with one double-bonded (O=P-O₃).

Amino Acids and Proteins

Proteins are polymers made up of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
An amino acid lacks an oxygen atom attached to its central carbon atom.
The carboxyl functional group is always acidic in amino acids.

Nucleic Acids

RNA is made up of monomers called nucleotides.

Polypeptides Formation

Peptide bonds form between the carboxyl functional group of one amino acid and the amino functional group of another during protein synthesis.
Enzymes in the digestive tract facilitate hydrolysis reactions.

Carbohydrates

Glycogen: A polysaccharide found in animals that serves as energy storage.
Lactose: Sourced from milk.
Cellulose: The most abundant organic compound on Earth, a structural polysaccharide in plant cell walls.
Monosaccharides can be classified based on the arrangement of their atoms.

Complex Carbohydrates

Amylose: Contains only α-1,4-glycosidic linkages, a component of starch.
Cellulose: Serves as a structural component in plant cell walls.
Peptidoglycan: Contains modified monosaccharides, found in bacterial cell walls.

Lipids

Not a Lipid: RNA is not classified as a lipid.
Unsaturated Fats: Olive oil is rich in unsaturated fats, beneficial for health.
Cholesterol serves various roles including structuring animal cell membranes and aiding calcium metabolism, without necessarily causing harm.

True/False Statements

Peptidoglycan exists only in bacteria.
Enzymatic reactions in digestion involve hydrolysis reactions.

Carbohydrate Composition

Distinction between carbohydrates involves recognizing polysaccharides like starch, cellulose, glycogen, and their respective roles and structures.

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Description

This quiz assesses your understanding of essential functional groups in biochemistry, including alcohols, carboxylic acids, and amino acids. It also covers the formation of peptides and the structure of proteins and nucleic acids. Test your knowledge on these fundamental concepts in biological molecules.