Biochemistry Quiz on Enzymes and Reactions
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

  • To permanently alter the substrates involved
  • To break down substrates into waste products
  • To act as catalysts that speed up reactions (correct)
  • To provide energy for the reactions

Which equation correctly represents cellular respiration?

  • C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
  • 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
  • C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O (correct)
  • 6O2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6CO2

Why is photosynthesis considered an endothermic reaction?

  • It occurs only in the dark
  • It generates ATP as its primary product
  • It releases energy in the form of heat
  • It absorbs light energy to produce glucose (correct)

What accurately describes the specificity of enzymes?

<p>Each enzyme's active site is designed for only one substrate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the products of the photosynthesis reaction?

<p>Glucose and oxygen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is metabolism primarily responsible for within a cell?

<p>Providing energy and creating key molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves breaking down larger molecules into simpler compounds while releasing energy?

<p>Catabolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of activation energy in a chemical reaction?

<p>It is the energy needed to initiate the reaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In an endothermic reaction, how is energy treated?

<p>It is absorbed from the environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to energy during chemical reactions based on the law of conservation?

<p>Energy changes forms but is conserved (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a product of biochemical reactions?

<p>Substrates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an exothermic reaction?

<p>It releases energy in the form of heat or light (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of biochemical reaction requires energy to form larger molecules from simpler ones?

<p>Anabolic reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the change in the active site of an enzyme when it interacts with a substrate?

<p>Induced fit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which environmental factor is NOT likely to cause enzyme denaturation?

<p>Substrate concentration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an enzyme's activity when it is denatured?

<p>It loses its specific shape and biological activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the bonding functions of enzymes is correct?

<p>Enzymes can form bonds between substrates to create products (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a potential outcome after denaturation of an enzyme?

<p>The enzyme may regain its shape and function in some cases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does increasing temperature have on the rate of a chemical reaction?

<p>It increases the reaction rate by speeding up molecular motion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a competitive inhibitor affect a chemical reaction?

<p>It decreases the reaction rate by occupying the enzyme's active site. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of how a catalyst functions in a chemical reaction?

<p>It speeds up the reaction by lowering the activation energy required. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT affect the rate of a chemical reaction?

<p>Color of the reactants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of energy, what distinguishes endothermic reactions from exothermic reactions?

<p>Endothermic reactions absorb energy, while exothermic reactions release it. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of ATP in the body?

<p>To carry and store energy for cell functions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is not part of the structure of ATP?

<p>Amine group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of energy does ATP primarily carry?

<p>Chemical energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many phosphate groups are present in one molecule of ATP?

<p>Three (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must happen to the bonds in food for energy to be usable by the body?

<p>They must be broken and reformed into ATP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to ADP when a phosphate group is added?

<p>It becomes ATP and stores energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the reactions involving ATP and ADP?

<p>The breakdown of ATP releases energy for cellular functions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy transaction when ATP is converted to ADP?

<p>Energy is released, marking it as an exothermic process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the synthesis of ATP from ADP?

<p>Energy derived from food to combine ADP and phosphate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the breakdown of ATP considered favorable for cells?

<p>It releases more energy than required for the reaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which macronutrient is primarily broken down to produce ATP for energy?

<p>Carbohydrates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP molecules can a single glucose molecule produce?

<p>36 ATP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when ATP loses a phosphate group?

<p>ATP releases energy and becomes ADP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which macronutrient has the highest caloric content?

<p>Lipids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the ATP-ADP cycle, what is analogous to recharging a reusable gift card?

<p>Adding a phosphate group to ADP to regenerate ATP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of energy for producers?

<p>Sunlight (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of consumer exclusively eats plants?

<p>Herbivores (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process do consumers use to extract energy from their food?

<p>Cell respiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes chemosynthesis?

<p>It uses non-living sources for energy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes detritivores from other types of consumers?

<p>They break down organic matter from dead material. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the numbers pyramid represent in a trophic pyramid?

<p>Number of organisms at each trophic level (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of energy is transferred from the primary consumer to the secondary consumer?

<p>3% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of the trophic pyramid is considered the producer?

<p>Grass (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the starting source of energy in a trophic pyramid?

<p>The sun (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between trophic levels in a food chain?

<p>Energy decreases as you move up the trophic levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of energy is typically passed from one trophic level to the next?

<p>10% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best represents the role of producers in a food chain?

<p>They convert solar energy into chemical energy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a trophic pyramid?

<p>It models the distribution of energy availability at each trophic level. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of the trophic pyramid has the least amount of available energy?

<p>Quaternary Consumers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes a food web?

<p>It illustrates multiple interconnected food chains. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Photosynthesis equation

6 Carbon Dioxide molecules + 6 Water molecules = 1 Sugar molecule + 6 Oxygen molecules

Cellular Respiration equation

1 Sugar molecule + 6 Oxygen molecules = 6 Carbon Dioxide molecules + 6 Water molecules

Enzyme

Protein that speeds up a biochemical reaction.

Enzyme specificity

An enzyme's active site fits only one specific substrate.

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Induced fit

Enzyme's active site changes shape to fit substrate once connected.

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Enzyme function

Enzymes either break bonds in substrates or form bonds between them, creating products.

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Enzyme denaturation

A loss of enzyme activity due to deformed active site, often caused by environmental changes.

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Factors affecting enzyme activity

pH, temperature, ion strength, and solubility can all affect enzyme function.

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Enzyme renaturation

Possibility of an enzyme returning to its original shape and activity under proper conditions.

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Metabolism

All chemical reactions in an organism's cells, providing energy and creating key molecules.

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Chemical Reaction

Bond-breaking and bond-forming processes, absorbing and releasing energy.

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Activation Energy

The energy needed to start a chemical reaction.

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Reactants (Substrates)

Substances changed during a chemical reaction.

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Products

Substances formed or created during a chemical reaction.

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Catabolic Reaction

Break down large molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy.

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Anabolic Reaction

Build up smaller molecules into larger ones, requiring energy.

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Endothermic Reaction

Absorbs energy.

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Reaction Rate

The speed at which a chemical reaction proceeds.

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Temperature Effect on Rate

Higher temperatures generally speed up reactions because molecules move faster, leading to more collisions.

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Substrate Concentration

The amount of reactant available for a reaction. High concentration leads to faster reactions due to more particle collisions.

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Catalyst Effect

A substance that speeds up a reaction without being consumed in the process, usually by lowering activation energy.

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What is ATP?

ATP is a molecule that carries and stores energy for cells to use.

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What does ATP do?

ATP provides energy for essential cell functions like muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and protein synthesis.

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Structure of ATP

ATP is composed of three parts: adenine (a nitrogen base), ribose (a sugar), and three phosphate groups.

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Energy in ATP

The energy in ATP is stored within the bonds between the phosphate groups.

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What happens when ATP breaks down?

When ATP breaks down, it releases energy by losing a phosphate group, turning into ADP.

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Food Chain

A single pathway showing how energy flows from one organism to another within an ecosystem.

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Rule of 10

Only about 10% of the energy from one trophic level is passed on to the next. The rest is used for metabolism or lost as heat.

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Trophic Levels

Different feeding positions in a food chain or food web, like producers, consumers, and decomposers.

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Food Web

Interconnected food chains that show complex feeding relationships within an ecosystem.

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Energy Pyramid

A visual representation showing how energy decreases as you move up trophic levels in an ecosystem.

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ATP

A molecule that stores and releases energy in cells. It's like a cellular battery.

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ADP

A molecule similar to ATP but with one less phosphate group. Essentially, the 'used' version of ATP.

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Why is ATP's structure important?

ATP has three phosphate groups. When it loses a phosphate, energy is released. This creates ADP (Adenosine DiPhosphate) which can be recharged by adding a phosphate group back on.

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What happens when a phosphate group is removed from ATP?

Energy is released, and ATP transforms into ADP.

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What is the ATP-ADP cycle like?

The ATP-ADP cycle is like a reusable gift card. ATP loses a phosphate releasing energy, becoming ADP. When a new phosphate is added to ADP, the energy is restored, like recharging a gift card.

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What are the energy sources for ATP?

Cells primarily use carbohydrates (glucose) for energy. Lipids are broken down after carbohydrates. Proteins are the least likely source.

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What happens when a phosphate group is added to ADP?

Energy is absorbed, and ADP is converted into ATP.

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What is the energy storage of each source?

Carbohydrates store 4 Calories of energy per gram. Lipids store 9 Calories per gram. Proteins store 4 Calories per gram.

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ATP-ADP Cycle

The continuous cycle of ATP being broken down to release energy (ATP → ADP) and then being rebuilt (ADP → ATP) using energy from food.

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Consumers

Organisms that get their energy by eating other organisms. They rely on producers for their energy.

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Photosynthesis

The process used by producers (like plants) to convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of sugars, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.

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Chemosynthesis

A process used mainly by some bacteria in environments without sunlight to convert energy from chemicals (like hydrogen sulfide) into chemical energy in the form of sugars.

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Types of Consumers

Consumers are classified based on what they eat: Herbivores eat only plants, Carnivores eat only meat, Omnivores eat both plants and meat, and Detritivores (Decomposers) break down dead organisms.

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Trophic Pyramid

A graphical representation showing how energy decreases as you move up the food chain, from producers to top predators.

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Numbers Pyramid

Shows the number of organisms at each trophic level in an ecosystem. The base has the most organisms, and the numbers decrease at higher levels.

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Biomass Pyramid

Represents the total weight or mass of living organisms at each trophic level. The mass is greater at the base and decreases with each higher level.

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Energy Flow in Trophic Levels

Energy starts from the sun, is captured by producers (plants) through photosynthesis, and then flows through the food chain with each level consuming the one below it. Each transfer loses some energy as heat.

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Trophic Food Chain Example

A simplified example of a food chain showing energy flow: Grass (producer) -> Mouse (primary consumer) -> Snake (secondary consumer).

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