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Biochemistry: Enzymes and Isoenzymes

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Biochemistry: Enzymes and Isoenzymes

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a source of AST?

Kidney (correct)
Muscle
Liver
Heart

Which acid phosphatase is inhibited by L-tartrate ions?

Acid Phosphatase of Pleural Cancer
Prostatic ACP
RBC ACP (correct)
Isoenzyme of Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas

A patient with De Ritis ratio > 1 may indicate:

Muscular dystrophy
Chronic alcoholism (correct)
Reye's syndrome
Acute hepatitis

Which enzyme is used as a surrogate test for hepatitis?

<p>ALT (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme breaks down glycogen and starch?

<p>Amylase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of increased amylase?

<p>Hepatitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which isoenzyme of aldolase is found in brain tissue?

<p>Aldolase C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most sensitive marker of acute alcoholic hepatitis?

<p>GGT (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme deficiency can lead to drug-induced hemolytic anemia?

<p>Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of GGT?

<p>Biliary duct linings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is increased in skeletal muscle disease?

<p>Aldolase A (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase?

<p>Neutralize peroxide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of an angle rotor centrifuge over a swinging bucket centrifuge?

<p>Faster sedimentation due to decreased air resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between air displacement and positive-displacement pipets?

<p>Air displacement pipets operate by moving the piston in the pipet tip (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following analytes would likely increase in an individual after exercising?

<p>Lactate dehydrogenase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a strobe light in a centrifuge?

<p>To measure the speed of the centrifuge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a pipet's aspiration force important?

<p>It allows for high-density sample pipetting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would decrease after exercising?

<p>Glucose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

De Ritis Ratio

A measure of the ratio of AST to ALT levels in the blood, with a value greater than 1 suggesting chronic alcoholism.

RBC ACP

An enzyme found in red blood cells (RBCs) and other tissues, inhibited by L-tartrate ions.

Biliary Duct Linings

The primary source of GGT, an enzyme often elevated in liver disease, especially obstructive liver disease.

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase

The primary function of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) is to protect cells from oxidative damage by neutralizing peroxide.

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Angle Rotor Centrifuge

A type of centrifuge that accelerates the sedimentation of samples by using an angled rotor, minimizing air resistance compared to a swinging bucket centrifuge.

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Positive-Displacement Pipette

A type of pipette that functions by moving a piston within the pipette tip, directly displacing the sample.

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Aldolase A

An enzyme that is increased in skeletal muscle disease, often tested to assess muscle damage.

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GGT (Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase)

A marker of acute alcoholic hepatitis, a severe liver inflammation caused by excessive alcohol consumption.

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ALT (Alanine transaminase)

An enzyme found in the liver and other tissues, its elevation can indicate liver damage due to conditions like hepatitis.

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Aldolase C

An enzyme that is elevated in conditions affecting the brain and nervous system.

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Amylase

An enzyme that breaks down glycogen and starch into simpler sugars, often elevated in pancreatitis.

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Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase

An enzyme that is increased in cases of drug-induced hemolytic anemia, a condition caused by certain drugs that lead to red blood cell destruction.

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Amylase

An enzyme that is not typically elevated in cases of hepatitis, though other liver diseases can lead to its increase.

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Kidney

A source of AST, an enzyme often elevated in liver damage.

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Strobe light

A device used to measure the speed of a centrifuge, often used for calibration and ensuring accurate rotations.

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Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)

Elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) can indicate muscle damage or cellular breakdown, a common response after strenuous exercise.

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Pipette Aspiration Force

The force used to draw a sample into a pipette, essential for accurate pipetting, especially for samples with high density or viscosity.

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Air displacement pipette

A type of pipette that operates by creating an air cushion between the sample and the piston, ensuring the sample is not directly displaced.

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