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Questions and Answers
Why should all metabolic pathways be regulated?
Why is the hexokinase step not the committed step in glycolysis?
Why is fructose 1,6-bisphosphate converted to glyceraldehyde-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate?
Why is glucose frequently administered intravenously to patients?
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What is the role of Gibbs free energy in biochemical reactions?
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How does entropy impact biological systems?
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What is the role of the pyridoxal-5-phosphate cofactor in the deamination process of amino acids?
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What is the enzyme, coenzyme, and vitamin required for transamination?
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Why are people with Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency at risk of haemolytic anemia?
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What does the pentose phosphate pathway tailor to meet the body's specific need of NADPH?
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In the citric acid cycle, which enzyme catalyzes the first reaction?
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How is the citric acid cycle regulated?
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What is the final product generated directly by the conversion of Succinyl CoA in the Krebs Cycle?
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Which molecule is oxidized to produce FADH2 in the Krebs Cycle?
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How many molecules of NADH are produced from the Krebs Cycle after one turn?
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Who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on proposing the Krebs Cycle?
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What is the key compound identified by Fritz Lipmann and Nathan Kaplan essential for the operation of the Krebs Cycle?
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Where does the Krebs Cycle take place in most living organisms?
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What is the initial step that initiates the Krebs Cycle?
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Which compound is formed by the oxidation of isocitrate in the Krebs Cycle?
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What is the final product after the conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate in the Krebs Cycle?
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Which of the following best describes the Krebs Cycle's pathway?
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What is the role of oxaloacetate in the Krebs Cycle?
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Which part of a cell does the Krebs Cycle mainly take place in?
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Study Notes
Biochemistry Exam Questions
- The exam consists of 4 questions, with a total of 2 hours to complete.
- Question 1 is about biochemistry, with 5 parts (a, b, c, d, and e).
- Part a asks to draw a reaction mechanism for converting fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
- Part b explains the terms Gibbs free energy, entropy, and their significance in metabolism.
- Part c discusses why catabolic and anabolic pathways differ, and why metabolic pathways should have a committed step.
Deamination and Urea Cycle
- Deamination is the process of removing an amino group from an amino acid.
- The pyridoxal-5-phosphate cofactor plays a crucial role in the deamination process.
- The enzyme, coenzyme, and vitamin required for transamination are not specified.
- The urea cycle is regulated and linked to the citric acid cycle.
- The urea cycle is called a "cycle" because it involves a series of reactions that regenerate the initial reactant.
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
- The pentose phosphate pathway is tailored to meet the body's specific need for NADPH but not ribose-5-phosphate.
- The pathway is essential for generating NADPH, which is necessary for reducing oxidized glutathione.
- People with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency are at risk of hemolytic anemia due to their inability to regenerate NADPH.
- The pentose phosphate pathway has five importance: generating NADPH, producing ribose-5-phosphate, and maintaining the balance of reactive oxygen species.
Citric Acid Cycle
- The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, is a crucial process in cellular respiration.
- The cycle is a series of reactions that takes place in the mitochondria of most living organisms.
- The cycle is initiated when acetyl CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to form citrate and release coenzyme A (CoA-SH).
- The cycle consists of 7 steps, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme.
- The cycle produces energy through the formation of ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
- The energy is generated through a series of redox reactions, where electrons are transferred from one substance to another.
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Description
Test your knowledge on biochemistry topics such as deamination of amino acids, role of pyridoxal-5-phosphate, regulation of urea cycle, links to citric acid cycle, and enzymes/coenzymes involved in transamination. Explore key concepts in metabolic pathways.