Biochemistry Chapter: ATP and Muscle Contraction
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of ATP in muscle contraction?

  • ATP provides energy for muscle relaxation.
  • ATP is used to bind calcium ions to the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
  • ATP is used to break down the proteins in muscle fibers.
  • ATP provides energy for the sliding filament mechanism. (correct)
  • Which of the following molecules is NOT a high-energy compound that can be used to regenerate ATP?

  • Creatine phosphate
  • Glucose (correct)
  • Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
  • 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG)
  • Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?

  • Substrate-level phosphorylation generates ATP faster than oxidative phosphorylation, but it is less efficient. (correct)
  • Substrate-level phosphorylation involves the transfer of electrons, while oxidative phosphorylation does not.
  • Substrate-level phosphorylation requires oxygen, while oxidative phosphorylation does not.
  • Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs in the cytoplasm, while oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the mitochondria.
  • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>It involves the transfer of electrons from NAD+ to NADH. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of NAD+ and FAD in catabolism?

    <p>They are involved in the transport of electrons to the electron transport chain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of ATP in cells?

    <p>It provides the energy for cellular processes, acting as the main energy currency. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two major components of metabolism?

    <p>Anabolism and catabolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is an example of an anabolic reaction?

    <p>Synthesizing a protein from amino acids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of ATP?

    <p>Adenine + Ribose + 3 Phosphate groups (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is ATP considered unstable?

    <p>The phosphate groups are negatively charged and repel each other. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the ATP-ADP cycle?

    <p>To store energy released from catabolic reactions for anabolic reactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does ATP provide energy for cellular processes?

    <p>By releasing energy when its phosphate bonds are broken. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of energy transduction that organisms carry out?

    <p>Conversion of heat energy to electrical energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    ATP

    A primary energy carrier in cells, converted from ADP + Pi during muscle contraction.

    Substrate-level phosphorylation

    ATP production using energy from breaking high-energy bonds, often without oxygen.

    Oxidative phosphorylation

    ATP production involving the electron transport chain and oxygen, catalyzed by ATP Synthase in mitochondria.

    Catabolism

    The metabolic phase that breaks down nutrients to release energy, often involving oxidation.

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    Oxidation

    The process where a compound loses electrons, typically in catabolic reactions.

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    ATP-ADP Cycle

    The process transferring energy from catabolism to energy-requiring cellular processes via ATP and ADP.

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    Metabolic Pathways

    Series of reactions where molecules are degraded or synthesized, involving energy changes.

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    Endergonic Reactions

    Reactions that require energy input to proceed.

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    Exergonic Reactions

    Reactions that release energy during the process.

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