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Questions and Answers
What is a significant consequence of malnutrition during infancy and early childhood?
Which of the following is associated with the thrifty gene hypothesis?
Which factor is a contributing cause of food insecurity in developing countries?
Which condition is likely to result from childhood obesity?
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What can malnutrition lead to in women of short stature during pregnancy?
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How does overnutrition contribute to health issues?
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What characterizes the nutritional problems in developed countries?
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What effect does optimal nutrition in infancy have?
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What negative impact does under-nutrition have on children?
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Which is a common consequence of malnutrition across all age groups?
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Study Notes
Course Overview
- FT 2101 offers 16 hours of lectures and practicals, includes one assignment and a quiz comprising 15 multiple choice questions scheduled for August 5th.
Definition and Importance of Nutrition
- Nutrition is the science studying food intake and usage by living organisms for life maintenance, growth, and energy production.
- Essential for health and development, improving diets, maintaining healthy weight, and boosting immune system.
- Reduces risk for non-communicable diseases and promotes a balanced lifestyle.
Nutritional Components
- Nutrients: Chemical compounds in food vital for bodily functions; examples include proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals.
- Macronutrients: Provide energy and maintain body's structure; crucial for overall health.
- Micronutrients: Required in small quantities for cellular functions; include vitamins and minerals, primarily sourced from diet.
Malnutrition Types
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Malnutrition: Results from energy and nutrient imbalances; includes three main types:
- Undernutrition: Insufficient intake of energy and nutrients affecting health.
- Micronutrient-related malnutrition: Deficiencies or excesses of vitamins and minerals.
- Overnutrition: Overweight, obesity, and diet-related non-communicable diseases.
Signs and Prevalence of Malnutrition
- Signs of undernutrition: Unintentional weight loss, low body weight (BMI < 18.5).
- In Sri Lanka: 1.7% of children aged 6-59 months are overweight; various obesity rates in children and adults, with urban, educated, and higher income groups more affected.
Health Impacts of Diet
- Unhealthy diets link to non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and diabetes.
- Barker Hypothesis: Suggests early life nutrition affects chronic disease risk later in life.
Nutritional Implications
- Poor nutrition can lead to low birth weight affecting later health.
- Thrifty Gene Hypothesis: Genes enabling fat deposition during abundance can lead to obesity and diabetes in food scarcity.
Nutritional Issues by Region
- Developed Countries: Face overnutrition, obesity, and related diseases alongside food insecurity.
- Developing Countries: Encounter hunger, undernutrition, protein-energy deficiencies, micronutrient deficits, and emerging overnutrition.
Developmental Consequences of Malnutrition
- Malnutrition impacts organ function and immunity, increases child mortality, stunts mental and physical development, and hampers learning abilities.
- Reductions in muscle function and cardiovascular health noted, along with increased mental health issues.
National Development and Malnutrition
- Malnutrition hinders workforce capacity, intellectual development, and incurs higher healthcare costs.
- Key to national progress involves addressing malnutrition through strategic programs and further measures tailored to the local context.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of biochemistry and human nutrition as outlined in Lecture 1 of the course. Focus areas include the importance of nutrition knowledge and the implications of malnutrition. Prepare to answer multiple-choice questions related to these topics.
