Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the result of a condensation reaction between two monosaccharides?
What is the result of a condensation reaction between two monosaccharides?
- A hydrogen bond
- A glycosidic bond (correct)
- A hydrophobic bond
- A peptide bond
What is the characteristic proportion of atoms in monosaccharides?
What is the characteristic proportion of atoms in monosaccharides?
- CHO
- CH2O (correct)
- CO2
- CH3O
What is the primary function of monosaccharides in the body?
What is the primary function of monosaccharides in the body?
- Storing genetic information
- Building blocks for proteins
- Major source of energy fuel (correct)
- Regulating body temperature
What is the general classification of monosaccharides based on their functional groups?
What is the general classification of monosaccharides based on their functional groups?
What is the chemical formula of the carbohydrates discussed?
What is the chemical formula of the carbohydrates discussed?
What is the term for a carbon atom without a chiral center?
What is the term for a carbon atom without a chiral center?
What determines the classification of a carbohydrate as D or L?
What determines the classification of a carbohydrate as D or L?
What is the maximum number of stereoisomers for a particular constitution?
What is the maximum number of stereoisomers for a particular constitution?
What is the term for a carbohydrate with five carbon atoms?
What is the term for a carbohydrate with five carbon atoms?
What is the term for a carbohydrate with the hydroxyl group at the last chiral carbon towards the right side?
What is the term for a carbohydrate with the hydroxyl group at the last chiral carbon towards the right side?
What determines the classification of a carbohydrate as an aldo- or keto-?
What determines the classification of a carbohydrate as an aldo- or keto-?
What is the term for a carbon atom attached to four different substituents?
What is the term for a carbon atom attached to four different substituents?
What is the function of the signal receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum?
What is the function of the signal receptor in the endoplasmic reticulum?
What is the end result of the signal receptor's interaction with vessels in the endoplasmic reticulum?
What is the end result of the signal receptor's interaction with vessels in the endoplasmic reticulum?
What is the primary type of glycosidic bond found in amylopectin?
What is the primary type of glycosidic bond found in amylopectin?
What is the relationship between the signal receptor and vessels in the endoplasmic reticulum?
What is the relationship between the signal receptor and vessels in the endoplasmic reticulum?
What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum in relation to the signal receptor and vessels?
What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum in relation to the signal receptor and vessels?
What percentage of total starch content is amylopectin?
What percentage of total starch content is amylopectin?
What is the branched-chain polysaccharide composed of glucose units linked by α-1,4-glycosidic bonds and occasional α-1,6-glycosidic bonds?
What is the branched-chain polysaccharide composed of glucose units linked by α-1,4-glycosidic bonds and occasional α-1,6-glycosidic bonds?
What happens to the endoplasmic reticulum after the signal receptor interacts with vessels?
What happens to the endoplasmic reticulum after the signal receptor interacts with vessels?
What happens when the person consumes a meal containing carbohydrates?
What happens when the person consumes a meal containing carbohydrates?
What is the function of glycogen in the body?
What is the function of glycogen in the body?
Where is glycogen mainly stored in the body?
Where is glycogen mainly stored in the body?
What is the name of the enzyme involved in debranching glycogen?
What is the name of the enzyme involved in debranching glycogen?
What is the process that occurs in the mouth when food particles are mixed with salivary amylase?
What is the process that occurs in the mouth when food particles are mixed with salivary amylase?
What is the result of the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth?
What is the result of the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth?
What happens when blood sugar levels reach 60 mm?
What happens when blood sugar levels reach 60 mm?
What is the primary measure of glycemic response to carbohydrates?
What is the primary measure of glycemic response to carbohydrates?
What amount of glucose is used to induce a glycemic response?
What amount of glucose is used to induce a glycemic response?
What is the duration of the glycemic response measurement?
What is the duration of the glycemic response measurement?
What is being measured in the glycemic response?
What is being measured in the glycemic response?
What is the term for the measure of glycemic response?
What is the term for the measure of glycemic response?
Study Notes
Monosaccharides
- Formed through a condensation reaction between two monosaccharides, resulting in a glycosidic bond
- Have the general formula C6H12O6
- Polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones with a proportion of atoms equal to CH2O
- Major source of energy fuel
Structural Features
- Carbon atom attached to the same substituents and lacks a chiral center is called an achiral carbon
- D-Glucose has a specific structural feature, with OH groups and chiral centers
- Stereoisomers: D-aldohexoses and L-aldohexoses, with different orientations of the hydroxyl group at the last chiral carbon
Polysaccharides
- Amylopectin: a branched polymer of glucose units linked primarily by α-1,4-glycosidic bonds, with occasional α-1,6-glycosidic bonds responsible for branching
- Accounts for 80-85% of total starch content
- Glycogen: a branched polymer of glucose units, highly branched and similar to amylopectin in structure
- Found in animal tissues, primarily stored in liver and skeletal muscles
- Vital for glucose homeostasis
Digestion
- Begins in the mouth with the addition of salivary amylase to food particles
- Involves debranching enzymes to break down starch
- Results in glucose release into the bloodstream
Glycemic Response
- Glycemic Index: measures the increase in blood glucose level over a 2-hour period after consuming 50g of glucose
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers the basics of carbohydrates, including their structure, function, and role as a major source of energy fuel.
