Biochemical Tests for Inherited Metabolic Disorders
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a non-specific sign or symptom of inherited metabolic disorders?

  • Rash
  • Hypertension
  • Lethargy (correct)
  • Fever
  • What percentage of individuals born in the United States have a genetic or partly genetic disorder?

  • 6%
  • 2%
  • 8%
  • 4% (correct)
  • What kind of investigations are needed to evaluate a patient suspected of having an inherited metabolic disorder?

  • MRI only
  • CT scan only
  • Ultrasound only
  • Detailed amino acid, organic acid, and acylcarnitine analysis (correct)
  • When should a metabolic disorder be suspected in a child?

    <p>When there is metabolic acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What basic laboratory tests can provide initial clues to underlying metabolic disease?

    <p>ABGs, electrolytes, glucose, lactate, ammonia and urine analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do inherited metabolic disorders usually present in infants?

    <p>With poor feeding, lethargy, and failure to thrive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of initiating appropriate therapy without a final diagnosis in cases of suspected inherited metabolic disorders?

    <p>To prevent an increase in morbidity or mortality associated with these conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of an increased anion gap in metabolic acidosis?

    <p>Accumulation of organic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition may cause lactic acidosis in neonates?

    <p>Inadequate tissue perfusion or oxygen supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of a decreased anion gap?

    <p>Hypoalbuminemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of metabolic acidosis is characterized by a normal anion gap?

    <p>Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which diagnostic situation is the ferric chloride test commonly used?

    <p>Detecting organic acids in urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT typically associated with causing lactic acidosis?

    <p>Renal failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the anion gap in evaluating metabolic acidosis?

    <p>Evaluating the concentration of unmeasured anions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of disorders may be associated with inborn errors of metabolism causing lactic acidosis?

    <p><strong>Metabolic disorders</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical result of lactic acidosis once the underlying cause is treated?

    <p>It resolves relatively quickly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms should raise suspicion of a metabolic disorder in a child?

    <p>Metabolic acidosis and inappropriate ketosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do basic laboratory tests such as ABGs, electrolytes, glucose, lactate, ammonia, and urine analysis provide in cases of suspected IMD?

    <p>Initial clues to the underlying metabolic disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of inherited metabolic disorders in infants?

    <p>Hypoglycemia and failure to thrive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of investigations are often not available at many medical centers for evaluating patients suspected of having IMD?

    <p>Detailed amino acid, organic acid, or acylcarnitine analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may early diagnosis and treatment of IMD help prevent in affected individuals?

    <p>Brain damage and mental retardation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following should lead to suspicion of a metabolic disorder in a child according to the provided information?

    <p>Cardiomyopathy and hepatocellular dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of an increased anion gap in metabolic acidosis?

    <p>Accumulation of organic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic situation is the ferric chloride test commonly used for?

    <p>Detecting organic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical result of lactic acidosis once the underlying cause is treated?

    <p>It resolves relatively quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the anion gap in evaluating metabolic acidosis?

    <p>To assess the concentration of unmeasured anions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of metabolic acidosis is characterized by a normal anion gap?

    <p>Hyperchloremic acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What basic laboratory test can provide initial clues to underlying metabolic disease?

    <p>Complete blood count</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of investigations are needed to evaluate a patient suspected of having an inherited metabolic disorder?

    <p>Urine tests for organic acids and blood tests for lactic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When evaluating a neonate who has an anion gap metabolic acidosis, what is helpful to determine?

    <p>The underlying cause of the gap</p> Signup and view all the answers

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