Biochemical Pathways Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which receptor is activated by epinephrine to stimulate liver phosphorylase kinase?

  • α-adrenergic receptor (correct)
  • δ-adrenergic receptor
  • γ-adrenergic receptor
  • β-adrenergic receptor

What is the role of phospholipids in the activation of liver phosphorylase kinase?

  • They bind to calmodulin to activate the kinase
  • They activate the kinase directly
  • They result in the movement of Ca2+ from the cytoplasm to the ER
  • They result in the movement of Ca2+ from the ER into the cytoplasm (correct)

Which protein is responsible for binding to Ca2+ and activating muscle phosphorylase kinase?

  • Phospholipid
  • G protein
  • PKA
  • Calmodulin (correct)

What triggers the release of acetylcholine at a neuromuscular junction to activate muscle phosphorylase kinase?

<p>Release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of activation for muscle phosphorylase kinase?

<p>Binding of Ca2+-calmodulin complex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not required for the activation of muscle phosphorylase kinase?

<p>Phosphorylation by PKA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of PKA in the activation of liver phosphorylase kinase?

<p>It is not involved in the activation of liver phosphorylase kinase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is activated by Ca2+-calmodulin complex?

<p>Muscle phosphorylase kinase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not involved in the activation of muscle phosphorylase kinase?

<p>PKA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a result of the activation of liver phosphorylase kinase?

<p>Increase in insulin secretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor is activated by epinephrine to stimulate liver phosphorylase kinase?

<p>α-adrenergic receptor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of phospholipids in the activation of liver phosphorylase kinase?

<p>They result in the movement of Ca2+ from the ER into the cytoplasm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is responsible for binding to Ca2+ and activating muscle phosphorylase kinase?

<p>Calmodulin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the release of acetylcholine at a neuromuscular junction to activate muscle phosphorylase kinase?

<p>Release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of activation for muscle phosphorylase kinase?

<p>Binding of Ca2+-calmodulin complex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not required for the activation of muscle phosphorylase kinase?

<p>Phosphorylation by PKA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of PKA in the activation of liver phosphorylase kinase?

<p>It is not involved in the activation of liver phosphorylase kinase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not activated by Ca2+-calmodulin complex?

<p>PKA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not involved in the activation of muscle phosphorylase kinase?

<p>PKA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a result of the activation of liver phosphorylase kinase?

<p>Increase in insulin secretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is responsible for the activation of liver phosphorylase kinase?

<p>Epinephrine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of acetylcholine in the activation of muscle phosphorylase kinase?

<p>Binds to sarcoplasmic Ca2+ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the activation of liver and muscle phosphorylase kinase?

<p>Liver phosphorylase kinase is activated by acetylcholine, while muscle phosphorylase kinase is activated by epinephrine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of phosphorylase kinase?

<p>Activates glycogen phosphorylase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Ca2+ activate muscle phosphorylase kinase?

<p>Binds to calmodulin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of Ca2+ for the activation of liver phosphorylase kinase?

<p>Endoplasmic reticulum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of calmodulin in the activation of muscle phosphorylase kinase?

<p>Activates the kinase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of PKA in the activation of muscle phosphorylase kinase?

<p>Phosphorylates the kinase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the end result of the activation of phosphorylase kinase?

<p>Breakdown of glycogen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the activation of liver and muscle phosphorylase kinase in terms of the need for phosphorylation?

<p>Liver phosphorylase kinase needs to be phosphorylated by PKA, while muscle phosphorylase kinase does not (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Epinephrine effect on liver

Activates α-adrenergic receptor

Phospholipids role

Results in Ca2+ movement from ER to cytoplasm

Calmodulin's role

Binds Ca2+ and activates muscle phosphorylase kinase

Acetylcholine's trigger

Release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

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Muscle phosphorylase kinase activation

Binding of Ca2+-calmodulin complex

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Not required for muscle phosphorylase kinase

Phosphorylation by PKA

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PKA's liver role

Not involved in the activation of liver phosphorylase kinase

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Activated by Ca2+-calmodulin

Muscle phosphorylase kinase

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Not involved in muscle phosphorylase

PKA is not involved

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Not a Liver phosphorylase kinase result

Increase in insulin secretion

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Epinephrine activates which Receptor?

Alpha-adrenergic receptor

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Phospholipids cause?

Movement of Ca2+ from the ER into the cytoplasm

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Which protein binds to Calcium?

Calmodulin

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Acetylcholine triggers release of

Release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum

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Muscle phosphorylase kinase mechanism

Binding of Ca2+-calmodulin complex

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Not required for muscle phosphorylase kinase?

Phosphorylation by PKA

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PKA role in the activation of Liver phosphorylase kinase?

It is not involved in the activation of liver phosphorylase kinase

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Not activated by Ca2+ calmodulin complex

PKA is not one

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Not involved in the activation of muscle

PKA

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Not a result of the activation of liver

Increase in insulin secretion

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Responsible molecule

Epinephrine

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What does acetylcholine do here?

Binds to sarcoplasmic Ca2+

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Liver vs. Muscle activation

Liver phosphorylase kinase is activated by acetylcholine, while muscle phosphorylase kinase is activated by epinephrine

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Function of phosphorylase kinase

Activates glycogen phosphorylase

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Calcium activation

Binds to calmodulin

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Source of Calcium

Endoplasmic reticulum

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Role of calmodulin

Activates the kinase

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Activation of PKA

Phosphorylates that kinase

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End result

Breakdown of glycogen

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Difference between liver and muscle

Liver phosphorylase kinase needs to be phosphorylated by PKA, while muscle phosphorylase kinase does not

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