30 Questions
Which process requires external energy input for it to happen?
Anabolism
What is the literal meaning of 'Catabolism'?
Breaking down
What is the main purpose of catabolism in a cell?
To release monomers for recycling
What is the sum of anabolism and catabolism?
Metabolism
Which process makes energy available for cellular work?
Catabolism
What is the role of anabolism in producing proteins from amino acids?
Building up complex molecules
Which process involves linking monomers to produce polymers?
Anabolism
What is the primary reason for a cell to engage in catabolism?
To release monomers for recycling
Which process can happen on its own, without the input of external energy?
Catabolism
What does non-spontaneous work require?
External energy input
What is the role of ATP hydrolysis in cellular reactions?
It acts as a coupling reaction to provide energy for cellular work
What is the function of activation energy (EA) in a reaction?
It is a barrier to the reaction taking place
How do enzymes speed up reactions?
By lowering the activation energy
What is the role of catalysts in spontaneous reactions?
They decrease the activation energy, allowing spontaneous reactions to occur
Why are most biochemical reactions in cells catalyzed by enzymes?
To decrease the activation energy barrier
What is the main function of regulatory enzymes in a metabolic pathway?
To control the activity of the pathway by regulating the first dedicated enzyme
What is the role of feedback inhibition in controlling metabolic pathways?
To prevent over-accumulation of end-products by inhibiting the pathway's first dedicated enzyme
How do cells control metabolism through enzymes?
By regulating the amount of enzymes and their activity
What is the significance of enzymes showing specificity in catalyzing biochemical reactions?
It allows for precise control and regulation of metabolic pathways
Why are there no general enzymes, showing specificity in catalyzing reactions?
To ensure precise control and regulation of metabolic pathways
Which of the following is true about biochemical pathways?
Biochemical pathways are series of linked reactions where the products of one reaction become the substrates for the next.
What is the role of ATP in cellular work?
ATP is the energy currency of a cell and is consumed during various types of cellular work.
What is the Gibbs free energy (G) of a system?
The portion of a system’s energy that can be used to perform work when the temperature is uniform throughout the system.
What does the second law of thermodynamics imply about energy conversion?
All energy is eventually converted into heat, which cannot be used by cells to perform work.
What is the function of enzymes in biochemical pathways?
Each reaction in a pathway is catalyzed by a unique enzyme, which are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions.
What is the role of energy coupling in cells?
Energy coupling links catabolic processes that release energy to anabolism and other energy-requiring work.
What is the significance of ATP hydrolysis in cells?
ATP hydrolysis is a common coupling reaction used to drive forward nonspontaneous reactions in cells.
What happens in a spontaneous reaction?
A spontaneous reaction occurs when the products have greater stability than the substrates, indicated by a negative $ΔG$.
What is the relationship between energy transformation and entropy?
Every energy transformation increases the entropy of the universe.
How are cellular energy processes analogized at the cellular level?
At the cellular level, energy coupling can be analogized to water at the top of a dam, electricity, and making toast.
Study Notes
Biochemical Pathways and Energy Coupling
- Energy coupling links catabolic processes that release energy to anabolism and other energy-requiring work.
- Biochemical pathways are series of linked reactions where the products of one reaction become the substrates for the next.
- Important biochemical pathways include glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and the Calvin cycle.
- Each reaction in a pathway is catalyzed by a unique enzyme, which are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions.
- At the cellular level, energy coupling can be analogized to water at the top of a dam, electricity, and making toast.
- The laws of thermodynamics state that energy is conserved and every energy transformation increases the entropy of the universe.
- The second law of thermodynamics implies that all energy is eventually converted into heat, which cannot be used by cells to perform work.
- Gibbs free energy (G) is the portion of a system’s energy that can be used to perform work when the temperature is uniform throughout the system.
- The free energy change (ΔG) is the difference in G between the final and initial state of a system.
- Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy currency of a cell and is consumed during various types of cellular work.
- ATP hydrolysis is a common coupling reaction used to drive forward nonspontaneous reactions in cells.
- A spontaneous reaction occurs when the products have greater stability than the substrates, indicated by a negative ΔG.
Test your knowledge of biochemical pathways and energy coupling with this quiz. Explore important pathways such as glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, and learn about the role of ATP as the cell's energy currency. Delve into the laws of thermodynamics and understand how energy is harnessed and transferred within the cell.
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