Biochemical Assessment of Liver Disorders

The liver plays a crucial role in detoxification, metabolism, and energy production, which is reflected in various clinical biochemistry tests.

Liver function tests are used to assess liver damage, detect liver disease, and monitor the progression of liver disorders.

Cirrhosis is a condition where liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue, leading to liver failure, while portal hypertension is a complication of cirrhosis characterized by high blood pressure in the portal vein.

<p>A biochemical test profile provides a comprehensive picture of liver function and can help identify specific liver disorders, such as hepatitis or liver failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pathological processes, such as inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer, can alter liver enzyme levels, lipid profiles, and other biochemical parameters, leading to distinct biochemical test profiles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Comparing and contrasting mechanisms of liver damage helps identify common patterns and distinguishing features, enabling clinicians to develop targeted treatment strategies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The acinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zones 1, 2, and 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zone 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipogenesis and CYP450 metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zone 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Removal of ammonia from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>From the portal triad towards the central vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow for maximal exposure of blood to hepatocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are the first to receive oxygenated blood and are less susceptible to hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around 500</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To collect and transport bile produced by hepatocytes to the bile ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Function tests assess the capacity of hepatocytes to perform biological functions, while integrity tests assess the intactness of hepatocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acini</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thrombopoeitin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Haemoglobin (85%)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucuronidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To bind and transport bilirubin to the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Toxic, causing kernicterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hepatocyte integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hepatocyte integrity and biliary tract patency</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hepatocyte function and biliary tract patency</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hepatocyte function (protein synthesis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inability of bile to flow from the liver to the duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ALP very high, TBil high, DBil high, AST/ALT normal or slightly elevated, and Albumin normal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In focal biliary tract obstruction, GGT is very high, while in primary biliary cirrhosis, GGT is not significantly elevated</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immune response against the virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AST and ALT elevated, TBil elevated, and Albumin decreased</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In acute viral hepatitis, AST and ALT are very high, while in chronic viral hepatitis, they are elevated but not as high</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AST and ALT very high, DBil very high, IBil very high</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrosis and inflammation of the bile ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevated AST and ALT</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extensive liver fibrosis and additional correlates such as ascites, portal hypertension, and hepatorenal syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bilirubin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ALT</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GGT</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transportation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Toxicity (kernicterus)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assessing hepatocyte function and biliary tract patency</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Function tests assess hepatocyte function and biliary tract patency, while integrity tests assess hepatocyte damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevated bilirubin levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zone 1; high metabolic potential, first to receive incoming blood, and plays a crucial role in glucose regulation, making it an important indicator of liver function in disease diagnosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zone 1: gluconeogenesis, beta-oxidation, and urea cycle; Zone 3: lipogenesis and CYP450 metabolism; differences in metabolic functions affect the interpretation of liver function tests, such as glucose and lipid metabolism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zone 3 hepatocytes are more susceptible to hypoxia due to their location, which can lead to impaired liver function and increased risk of liver disease; this is important in diagnosing liver disease, especially in cases of hypoxic injuries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CYP450 metabolism in Zone 3 hepatocytes plays a critical role in detoxification; impaired CYP450 function can lead to toxic accumulation, making it an important indicator of liver disease in cases of xenobiotic exposure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biliary tract patency affects the excretion of bilirubin and bile salts, which are essential for liver function tests; impaired patency can lead to cholestasis and inaccurate test results, making it crucial to consider in liver disease diagnosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hepatocyte integrity is essential for liver function; impaired integrity can lead to liver disease, and understanding the relationship between hepatocyte integrity and liver disease is crucial in diagnosing and managing cirrhosis and portal hypertension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevation of ALP and bilirubin levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ALP is very high, GGT is very high, DBil is high, AST/ALT are normal or slightly elevated, and albumin is normal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Release of enzymes due to immune response against the virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AST and ALT are high with a waxing and waning pattern, TBil is elevated, and albumin is decreased.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pattern of AST and ALT elevation, with a single peak in acute hepatitis and a waxing and waning pattern in chronic hepatitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevation of AST and ALT levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ALP is low, TBil is very high, DBil is low, and AST/ALT are low.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute toxic insult resulting in massive necrosis and indiscriminate hepatocellular damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AST and ALT are high, TBil is elevated, and albumin is decreased.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevation of liver enzymes and bilirubin levels</p> Signup and view all the answers