Bioactive Compounds in Food

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Questions and Answers

Which vitamins are inadequately absorbed in cystic fibrosis?

Vitamins B, D, and K

Vitamins B and C

Vitamins A, D, E, and K (correct)

Vitamins A, C, and E

Which of the following compounds is NOT involved in the synthesis of eicosanoids?

Anthocyanidins

Isoflavonoids (correct)

Glucosinolates

Indoles

What is the role of vitamin E in platelet function?

It decreases platelet function (correct)

It has no effect on platelet function

It increases platelet function

It is involved in platelet aggregation

What is the role of beta-carotene in the prevention of atherosclerosis?

It reduces the oxidation of LDL Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of phytochemical?

Isoflavonoids Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of antioxidants in pulmonary disease?

They decrease the oxidation of LDL Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a benefit of indoles?

Reducing the risk of estrogen-dependent cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glucosinolates in the body?

They activate liver detoxification enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of carotenoids in the human body?

They act as antioxidants and protect against various types of cancer. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a role of carotenoids?

Exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity. Signup and view all the answers

What type of fruits and vegetables are rich in carotenoids?

Fruits and vegetables. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of carotenoids on the digestive tract?

They provide protection against digestive tract cancer. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between carotenoids and antioxidants?

Carotenoids are antioxidants that protect against cancer. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of carotenoids in the prevention of cancer?

They act as antioxidants and protect against various types of cancer. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of carotenoids on the liver?

They have no effect on the liver. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of phytochemical that is not related to carotenoids?

Limonoids. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of Evening Primrose oil as a dietary supplement?

Treating atopic eczema Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a property of Garlic?

Antioxidant Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which phytochemicals provide health benefits?

As scavengers of reactive or toxic chemicals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following herbs is NOT associated with protection or treatment of disease conditions?

Broccoli Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Ginseng as a herb?

Adaptogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which phytochemicals support beneficial bacteria in the intestine?

As fermentation substrates Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nutraceuticals and Phytochemicals

Eicosanoids synthesis reduces the risk of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
Isoflavonoids, found in soybeans, are used for treating cancers and osteoporosis
Anthocyanidins, present in fruits and flowers, have antioxidant and anti-mutagenic properties
Glucosinolates, found in cruciferous vegetables, activate liver detoxification enzymes and inhibit the neoplastic effect of various carcinogens
Indoles reduce the risk of estrogen-dependent cancer

Fiber and Vitamins as Nutraceuticals

Fiber, found in various vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, protects against colorectal diseases
Beta-carotene and vitamin E, acting as antioxidants, reduce the risk of heart disease by preventing the oxidation of LDL
Vitamin E, in high doses, decreases platelet function without being toxic
Beta-carotene and vitamin E are depleted in diabetes, which enhances LDL oxidation and encourages atherosclerosis
Beta-carotene and vitamin E in the diet decrease oxidation in pulmonary diseases, and are hypothesized to combat oxidizing agents found in smoke

Vitamins and Disease Treatment

In cystic fibrosis, fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) are inadequately absorbed, and supplementation via intravenous means may be necessary
Vitamins A, D, E, and K supplementation is necessary for patients with pancreatic function impairment

Phytochemicals and Cancer

Tocotrienols and tocopherols, found in grains, suppress the growth of diverse tumor cell lines by initiating apoptosis and arresting cell growth in the G1 phase
Carotenoids, found in fruits and vegetables, are antioxidants that protect against uterine, prostate, colorectal, lung, and digestive tract cancers
Limonoids, found in citrus fruits, inhibit phase I enzymes and induce phase II detoxification enzymes in the liver, providing protection to lung tissue

Phytochemicals and Health Benefits

Phytosterols, found in various plants, exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic, anti-pyretic, and immune-modulating activity, and decrease cholesterol levels
Phenolic constituents, found in various plants and whole grains, are antioxidants that lower the risk of CHD, diabetes, hypertension, and other diseases
Flavonoids, found in grapes, wines, and berries, act against free radicals, free radical-mediated cellular signaling, inflammation, allergies, platelet aggregation, and hepatotoxins
Catechin and gallic acids, found in grapes, berries, cocoa, green tea, and acacia spp., are antioxidants with free radical scavenging ability and inhibit the growth of certain bacteria

Herbal Supplements

Evening Primrose oil is a dietary supplement of linoleic acid, used for treating atopic eczema
Garlic has antibacterial, antifungal, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory properties
Ginger has carminative, antiemetic, and anti-inflammatory properties, and is used for treating dizziness
Ginseng is an adaptogen, enhancing humoral and cell-mediated immunity
Green tea is an antioxidant that reduces the risk of CVD and enhances humoral and cell-mediated immunity

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Description

This quiz covers the functions and sources of various bioactive compounds found in food, including eicosanoids, isoflavonoids, anthocyanidins, and glucosinolates. Learn about their benefits and properties.