Bioactive Compounds in Food

Eicosanoids are compounds produced in the body that play a role in inflammation, blood clotting, and other processes. Their synthesis can be influenced by dietary factors and may be linked to the risk of coronary heart disease.

Isoflavonoids, found in soybeans, are compounds with potential health benefits. They have been studied for their possible roles in treating cancers and osteoporosis, but further research is needed.

Anthocyanidins are pigments responsible for the vibrant colors of fruits and flowers. Their antioxidant and anti-mutagenic properties suggest possible health benefits.

Glucosinolates are compounds found in cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli and cauliflower. They can activate enzymes in the liver involved in detoxification, potentially offering protection against cancer.

Indoles are compounds found in various plants, including cruciferous vegetables. They are being investigated for their potential role in reducing the risk of estrogen-dependent cancers.

Dietary fiber, found in vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, plays a role in digestive health. It adds bulk to stool, promotes regularity, and is linked to a reduced risk of colorectal diseases.

Beta-carotene and vitamin E are antioxidants that can help protect against heart disease. They help prevent the oxidation of LDL (bad) cholesterol, which is a key step in the development of atherosclerosis.

Vitamin E can impact platelet function, which is involved in blood clotting. At high doses, Vitamin E can decrease platelet activity without being toxic.

In diabetes, there is a depletion of antioxidants like beta-carotene and vitamin E. This depletion contributes to LDL oxidation and may increase the risk of atherosclerosis.

Beta-carotene and Vitamin E have been shown to decrease oxidative stress in conditions like pulmonary diseases. This suggests their potential role in protecting the lungs from damaging substances like smoke.

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease that affects the digestive system. People with cystic fibrosis have difficulty absorbing fat-soluble vitamins, which may require supplementation.

Pancreatic function impairment can lead to deficiencies in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Supplementation with vitamins A, D, E, and K may be needed.

Tocotrienols and tocopherols, found in grains, are compounds that have been studied for their potential anticancer effects. They can trigger cell death (apoptosis) and halt cell growth.

Carotenoids are antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables. Their protective effects against certain cancers have been investigated. They are believed to protect against cancers like uterine, prostate, colorectal, lung, and digestive tract cancers.

Limonoids are found in citrus fruits. They have the potential to interfere with cancer-causing processes by influencing liver enzymes involved in detoxification.

Phytosterols are plant-based compounds that have various health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and cholesterol-lowering effects.

Phenolic constituents are antioxidants found in plants and whole grains. They have been linked to a reduced risk of heart disease, diabetes, and other health conditions.

Flavonoids are antioxidants found in grapes, wines, and berries. They have various protective effects like fighting free radicals, inflammation, and allergies.

Catechin and gallic acids are antioxidants found in various foods like grapes, berries, cocoa, green tea, and acacia. They can protect against damage from free radicals and fight infections.

Evening Primrose oil is a supplement derived from the seeds of the evening primrose plant. It is a source of linoleic acid and is used for treating atopic eczema.

Garlic is a common spice with potential health benefits. It exhibits antibacterial, antifungal, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory properties.

Ginger is a spice with a variety of potential health benefits. It can help with nausea, digestion, and inflammation.

Ginseng is a plant with a long history of use in traditional medicine. It is known as an adaptogen, meaning it helps the body adapt to stress. It is believed to enhance the immune system.

Green tea is a beverage rich in antioxidants. It may help protect against cardiovascular disease and strengthen the immune system.