BIO411: Genome Regulation - Cytoplasmic Determinants
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Questions and Answers

What are cytoplasmic determinants composed of in an unfertilized egg?

  • Only RNA and proteins
  • Only maternal substances
  • RNA, proteins, and other substances (correct)
  • Only environmental signals
  • What is the result of inductive signals in embryonic cells?

  • Determination of cell fate
  • Transcriptional changes in nearby target cells (correct)
  • Differentiation of specialized cell types
  • Production of tissue-specific proteins
  • What is the process of determining a cell's final fate called?

  • Differentiation
  • Induction
  • Pattern formation
  • Determination (correct)
  • What is the role of positional information in pattern formation?

    <p>Telling a cell its location relative to the body axes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Drosophila, when are the axes determined?

    <p>Before fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of cell differentiation?

    <p>Production of tissue-specific proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pattern formation?

    <p>The development of a spatial organization of tissues and organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of inductive signals in embryonic cells?

    <p>Causing transcriptional changes in nearby cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cytoplasmic Determinants and Inductive Signals

    • Egg cytoplasm contains RNA, proteins, and other substances distributed unevenly, influencing early development.
    • Cytoplasmic determinants are maternal substances in the egg that influence early development.
    • As the zygote divides by mitosis, cells contain different cytoplasmic determinants, leading to different gene expression.
    • The environment around the cell, especially signals from nearby embryonic cells, provides developmental information.
    • Induction: signal molecules from embryonic cells cause transcriptional changes in nearby target cells, inducing differentiation of specialized cell types.

    Sequential Regulation of Gene Expression

    • Determination commits a cell to its final fate.
    • Determination precedes differentiation.
    • Cell differentiation is marked by the production of tissue-specific proteins.

    Pattern Formation: Setting Up the Body Plan

    • Pattern formation is the development of a spatial organization of tissues and organs.
    • In animals, pattern formation begins with the establishment of the major axes.
    • Positional information provides molecular cues that control pattern formation, telling a cell its location relative to the body axes and neighboring cells.

    The Life Cycle of Drosophila

    • Cytoplasmic determinants in the unfertilized Drosophila egg determine the axes before fertilization.
    • After fertilization, the embryo develops into a segmented larva with three larval stages.

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    Description

    Learn about the role of cytoplasmic determinants and inductive signals in genome regulation, including the distribution of RNA, proteins, and other substances in the unfertilized egg.

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