Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of a bioreactor?
What is the primary function of a bioreactor?
Which of the following enzymes is used in the dairy industry?
Which of the following enzymes is used in the dairy industry?
What is the significance of enzymes being able to function in vitro?
What is the significance of enzymes being able to function in vitro?
In which industry are enzymes from barley used?
In which industry are enzymes from barley used?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of amylases in the starch industry?
What is the purpose of amylases in the starch industry?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following industries uses enzymes from dog and pigeon waste?
Which of the following industries uses enzymes from dog and pigeon waste?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of protease in biological detergents?
What is the role of protease in biological detergents?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following enzymes is used in the baking industry?
Which of the following enzymes is used in the baking industry?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of enzymes being able to function in vitro?
What is the significance of enzymes being able to function in vitro?
Signup and view all the answers
In which industry are lipases used?
In which industry are lipases used?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
What is Biotechnology?
- Biotechnology is the manipulation of living organisms and organic material to serve human needs, covering many diverse applications
- Examples of biotechnology include yeast in bread and alcohol production, using bacteria to kill other harmful organisms, cloning, and genetic engineering
- Biotechnology involves many different fields and has many exciting benefits, such as advancements in pharmaceuticals and selective pesticide technology
Bangladesh and Biotechnology
- In 2013, Bangladesh commercialized Bt eggplant, becoming the first developing country to take a public sector genetically modified food crop to benefit smallholder farmers
- Bt eggplant carries a gene that makes it resistant to the main crop pest, fruit and shoot borer
- Bt eggplant enables farmers to dramatically reduce their use of insecticides by 80% or more, protecting their health and the local environment
Biomass in Biotechnology
- Biomass is renewable organic materials that come from plants and animals, such as wood, agricultural crops or wastes, and municipal wastes
- Biomass is used to produce energy by direct burning or processing into biofuels such as ethanol and methane
- Feedstock is raw material that supplies machines in industry
Genetic Engineering in Biotechnology
- Genetic engineering is a modern modification and subspecialty of biotechnology
- It deals with the specific and targeted modifications of the genetic material of bacteria, plants, or animals to stimulate them to biosynthesize the desired products of the gene
Fermentation in Biotechnology
- Fermentation is the process of converting carbohydrates to alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms (yeasts or bacteria) under anaerobic conditions
- Fermentation produces energy by anaerobically converting nutrients to alcohols and acids
- Fermentation has advantages, such as:
- Producing complex molecules like proteins that cannot be made chemically
- Having higher percentage yield
- Not requiring extreme temperatures or pH
- Having greater specificity due to enzyme-catalyzed reactions
- Fermentation also has disadvantages, such as:
- Being contaminated by unwanted microorganisms
- Having a slower process than chemical processes
- Requiring handling of large volumes of water
- Fermentation has various uses, including:
- Chemical sector: producing ethanol, organic acids, enzymes, and polymers
- Pharmaceuticals: producing antibiotics, chemical drugs, vaccines, and diagnostics
- Energy: producing ethanol, methane, and biomass
- Food: producing dairy products, beverages, baking, and high-fructose syrup
- Agriculture: producing animal feed, microbial pesticides, and plant cell and tissue culture
Bioreactor
- A bioreactor is a large vessel in which microorganisms are grown to produce a desired product
- The desired product is separated from the rest of the mixture
Enzyme Technology
- Enzymes are only found in living cells but can be extracted and used for various purposes
- Enzymes can keep functioning in vitro, even when separated from their cells
- Enzymes can be used in various applications, including:
- Biological detergents: using protease and amylases
- Baking industry: using alpha-amylases and proteases
- Brewing industry: using enzymes from barley
- Dairy industry: using rennin, lipases, and lactases
- Starch industry: using amylases and glucose isomerase
- Textile industry: using amylases
- Leather industry: using enzymes from dog and pigeon waste, and trypsin
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers the basics of biotechnology, including its definition, applications, and techniques such as genetic engineering, fermentation, and enzyme technology. It is based on Smith's chapter 1-5.
