Biotechnology Definition and Applications
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Questions and Answers

What is the result of crossing between two different species?

  • A mule (correct)
  • A genetically identical copy of a cell or an organism
  • A genetically modified organism
  • A genome

    • What is the main purpose of genetically modified organisms?

  • To make medicines and treat diseases (correct)
  • To clean up the environment
  • To increase crop yield
  • To create clones of organisms

    • What is the entire set of DNA instructions found in a cell?

  • A genome (correct)
  • A chromosomes
  • A DNA fingerprint
  • A genetically modified organism

    • What is the process of generating a genetically identical copy of a cell or an organism?

    <p>Cloning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is bioremediation?

    <p>The use of existing bacteria to clean up the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of how many crops are produced?

    <p>Crop yield</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is biotechnology?

    <p>The application of biological systems to make or modify products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of biotechnology in food production?

    <p>Using yeast to make bread rise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is selective breeding?

    <p>The practice of breeding organisms to get offspring with certain traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hybrid?

    <p>A way of working that combines two separate systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What field of science is biotechnology closely related to?

    <p>Genetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of biotechnology?

    <p>To solve problems and make useful products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of biotechnology in health care?

    <p>Using microorganisms to produce antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What disciplines are involved in biotechnology?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Biotechnology Definition

    • Biotechnology is the application of biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives to make or modify products or processes for specific use.

    Biotechnology Applications

    • Uses microorganisms to produce antibiotics, such as penicillin, and dairy products, like yoghurt.
    • Employed to produce amino acids and enzymes.
    • Helps meet basic needs, including food, clothing, shelter, health, and safety.
    • Also used to maintain a good environment that promotes well-being.

    Biotechnology Characteristics

    • Multidisciplinary in nature, involving input from engineering, computer science, cell and molecular biology, microbiology, genetics, physiology, biochemistry, immunology, virology, and recombinant DNA technology.
    • Involves genetic manipulation of bacteria, viruses, fungi, plants, and animals for product development.

    Types of Biotechnology

    • Use of living organisms to solve problems and make useful products, such as crop plants and farm animals, and yeast for bread production.
    • Many types of technology that use cells, proteins, genetics, and other fields, including health care, agriculture, genetics, and food science.

    Selective Breeding

    • Breeding selected organisms to get offspring with certain traits, a centuries-old farming practice.

    Hybrid

    • A cross between two different species, such as a mule from a donkey and horse.

    Genetically Modified Organisms

    • Organisms whose genes have been changed, used for herbicide-resistant corn, making medicines, treating diseases, and improving crops.
    • Examples include making insulin for diabetic patients.

    Genome

    • The entire set of DNA instructions found in a cell, consisting of 23 pairs of chromosomes in the cell's nucleus and a small chromosome in the cell's mitochondria in humans.

    DNA Fingerprinting

    • Not specified in the text.

    Crop Yield

    • Biotechnology has increased crop productivity by introducing disease resistance and drought tolerance to crops.
    • Measured by the number of crops produced.

    Cloning

    • The process of generating a genetically identical copy of a cell or organism.

    Bioremediation

    • Uses existing bacteria in the soil to clean up the environment, such as oil spills and toxic waste.

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    Description

    Biotechnology is the application of biological systems to make or modify products. It has various applications including producing antibiotics, enzymes, and meeting basic needs.

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