Bio 182L Quiz 9: Echinodermata

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Questions and Answers

What is the phylum of Echinodermata?

Echinodermata

Name the four classes of Echinodermata.

Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Crinoidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea

Describe the water vascular system of echinoderms. What is it used for?

A hydraulic system for locomotion, food and waste transportation, and respiration.

List five traits that unite all members of Echinodermata.

Pentaradial symmetry, Tube Feet, Deuterostomes, Water Vascular system, Ambulacral groove Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the madreporite?

Opening for water vascular system Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the water vascular system?

Transports gases and nutrients; Movement by muscle contraction against hydrostatic pressure Signup and view all the answers

In what developmental stage of this phylum do we see the ancestral trait of bilateral symmetry?

Larvae Signup and view all the answers

Name a derived trait for the phylum Echinodermata.

Endoskeleton of ossicles Signup and view all the answers

Which class do sea cucumbers belong to?

Holothuroidea Signup and view all the answers

What are tube feet adapted for in echinoderms?

Small, flexible; locomotion and collecting food Signup and view all the answers

Which class in phylum Echinodermata has jointed spines used in movement?

Class Echinoidea Signup and view all the answers

What is Aristotle's Lantern and what is its function?

They are teeth used to scrape algae off rocks or eat prey. Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'test' in echinoderms?

Ossicles fused into a sphere with holes for protruding tube feet. Signup and view all the answers

How are tube feet modified for feeding in Holothuroidea?

They are branched. Signup and view all the answers

Which class has both its mouth and anus on the upper surface of the central disk?

Class Ophiuroidea Signup and view all the answers

Describe protostome development.

The first opening in the embryo becomes the mouth. Signup and view all the answers

Describe deuterostome development.

The first opening becomes the anus; distinct from protostomes. Signup and view all the answers

What are some ancestral traits of Echinoderms and Chordates?

True tissues, bilateral symmetry, organ systems, coelomate. Signup and view all the answers

What does the zygote become in coelomate?

The zygote becomes a hollow ball of cells called the blastula. Signup and view all the answers

What does this phylum's name mean?

Spiny skinned Signup and view all the answers

What is deuterostomy?

Blastopore = first opening of digestive tube. Signup and view all the answers

What are some other characteristics of Echinoderms besides deuterostomy?

Bottom dwellers, endoskeleton (ossicles), autotomizing limbs. Signup and view all the answers

What are the five classes of Echinodermata?

Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Crinoidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea. Signup and view all the answers

What is the ecological importance of Echinoderms?

Pre-colonizers and algae control. Signup and view all the answers

What is the economic importance of Echinoderms?

Used for limestone, models for teaching, and food (sushi). Signup and view all the answers

Describe Class Asteroidea.

Active predators with 5 stout arms lined with short spines. Signup and view all the answers

Describe Class Ophiuroidea.

Live in deep waters, most are nocturnal and scavenge dead organic matter. Signup and view all the answers

Describe Class Crinoidea.

Most ancient echinoderms with U-shaped gut; filter-feeding. Signup and view all the answers

Describe Class Echinoidea.

Lack arms, test is a round shell formed by ossicles. Signup and view all the answers

Describe Class Holothuroidea.

Soft bodies, ossicles reduced, feeding tentacles modified tube feet. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Echinodermata Overview

Phylum Echinodermata includes marine animals like sea stars, brittle stars, sea lilies, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers.

Classes of Echinodermata

Five main classes:
- Asteroidea: Sea stars
- Ophiuroidea: Brittle stars
- Crinoidea: Sea lilies and feather stars
- Echinoidea: Sea urchins and sand dollars
- Holothuroidea: Sea cucumbers

Water Vascular System

A hydraulic system that aids in locomotion, food and waste transportation, and respiration.

Key Traits

Pentaradial symmetry
Tube feet for movement and feeding
Deuterostome development
Water vascular system and ambulacral grooves

Madreporite

Acts as an opening for the water vascular system.

Tube Feet Function

Adapted for mobility and collecting food, small and flexible.

Developmental Stages

Larval stage exhibits bilateral symmetry, reflecting an ancestral trait of the phylum.

Derived Traits

Endoskeleton composed of ossicles provides structural support.

Feeding Mechanisms

Class Echinoidea has a highly folded cardiac stomach for its predatory feeding method.

Aristotle's Lantern

A unique feeding structure composed of teeth, allows scraping of algae or consumption of prey.

Test

A structure formed by ossicles that fuse into a sphere, providing protection and supporting tube feet.

Ecological and Economic Importance

Echinoderms play a role in controlling algae and are significant for ecosystems known as "ocean deserts." They also contribute to industries through limestone and food sources like sushi.

Class-Specific Characteristics

Asteroidea: Active predators with adapted tube feet for slow movement and opening clams.
Ophiuroidea: Characterized by slender, flexible arms; nocturnal scavengers that filter feed.
Crinoidea: Filter feeders with U-shaped guts; the most ancient class with arms composed of pinnules.
Echinoidea: Lack arms; round test for protection, movement through tube feet and jointed spines.
Holothuroidea: Soft-bodied with reduced ossicles, feeding tentacles modified from tube feet, defense mechanisms include expelling sticky tubules.

Development Definitions

Protostome Development: The mouth develops from the blastopore during early embryonic stages.
Deuterostome Development: The blastopore becomes the anus, with bilateral symmetry in larval stages.

Ancestral Traits for Echinoderms and Chordates

Shared traits include true tissues, bilateral symmetry, organ systems, coelomate structures, and a complete digestive tract.

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Description

Test your knowledge on Echinodermata with this engaging quiz. Explore the different classes of this fascinating phylum and understand the unique adaptations such as the water vascular system. Perfect for students in Bio 182L looking to reinforce their learning.