Bio 182L Quiz 9: Echinodermata

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Questions and Answers

What is the phylum of Echinodermata?

Echinodermata

Name the four classes of Echinodermata.

Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Crinoidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea

Describe the water vascular system of echinoderms. What is it used for?

A hydraulic system for locomotion, food and waste transportation, and respiration.

List five traits that unite all members of Echinodermata.

<p>Pentaradial symmetry, Tube Feet, Deuterostomes, Water Vascular system, Ambulacral groove</p>
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What is the function of the madreporite?

<p>Opening for water vascular system</p>
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What is the function of the water vascular system?

<p>Transports gases and nutrients; Movement by muscle contraction against hydrostatic pressure</p>
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In what developmental stage of this phylum do we see the ancestral trait of bilateral symmetry?

<p>Larvae</p>
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Name a derived trait for the phylum Echinodermata.

<p>Endoskeleton of ossicles</p>
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Which class do sea cucumbers belong to?

<p>Holothuroidea</p>
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What are tube feet adapted for in echinoderms?

<p>Small, flexible; locomotion and collecting food</p>
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Which class in phylum Echinodermata has jointed spines used in movement?

<p>Class Echinoidea</p>
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What is Aristotle's Lantern and what is its function?

<p>They are teeth used to scrape algae off rocks or eat prey.</p>
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What is a 'test' in echinoderms?

<p>Ossicles fused into a sphere with holes for protruding tube feet.</p>
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How are tube feet modified for feeding in Holothuroidea?

<p>They are branched.</p>
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Which class has both its mouth and anus on the upper surface of the central disk?

<p>Class Ophiuroidea</p>
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Describe protostome development.

<p>The first opening in the embryo becomes the mouth.</p>
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Describe deuterostome development.

<p>The first opening becomes the anus; distinct from protostomes.</p>
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What are some ancestral traits of Echinoderms and Chordates?

<p>True tissues, bilateral symmetry, organ systems, coelomate.</p>
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What does the zygote become in coelomate?

<p>The zygote becomes a hollow ball of cells called the blastula.</p>
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What does this phylum's name mean?

<p>Spiny skinned</p>
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What is deuterostomy?

<p>Blastopore = first opening of digestive tube.</p>
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What are some other characteristics of Echinoderms besides deuterostomy?

<p>Bottom dwellers, endoskeleton (ossicles), autotomizing limbs.</p>
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What are the five classes of Echinodermata?

<p>Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Crinoidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea.</p>
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What is the ecological importance of Echinoderms?

<p>Pre-colonizers and algae control.</p>
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What is the economic importance of Echinoderms?

<p>Used for limestone, models for teaching, and food (sushi).</p>
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Describe Class Asteroidea.

<p>Active predators with 5 stout arms lined with short spines.</p>
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Describe Class Ophiuroidea.

<p>Live in deep waters, most are nocturnal and scavenge dead organic matter.</p>
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Describe Class Crinoidea.

<p>Most ancient echinoderms with U-shaped gut; filter-feeding.</p>
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Describe Class Echinoidea.

<p>Lack arms, test is a round shell formed by ossicles.</p>
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Describe Class Holothuroidea.

<p>Soft bodies, ossicles reduced, feeding tentacles modified tube feet.</p>
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Flashcards

Echinodermata

A phylum of marine animals including sea stars, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers.

Asteroidea

Sea stars; characterized by their star-like shape and predatory behavior.

Ophiuroidea

Brittle stars; known for their long, slender, flexible arms used for movement and filter feeding.

Crinoidea

Sea lilies and feather stars; ancient filter feeders with a U-shaped gut.

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Echinoidea

Sea urchins and sand dollars; lack arms and have a round test, moving through tube feet and spines.

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Holothuroidea

Sea cucumbers; soft-bodied with reduced ossicles and feeding tentacles.

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Water Vascular System

A hydraulic system in echinoderms used for locomotion, feeding, and respiration.

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Madreporite

Opening for the water vascular system in echinoderms.

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Tube Feet

Small, flexible appendages used for movement and collecting food.

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Endoskeleton

Composed of ossicles and provides structural support to echinoderms.

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Aristotle's Lantern

A unique feeding structure in sea urchins for scraping algae or consuming prey.

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Test

A sphere formed by fused ossicles, found in sea urchins and sand dollars.

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Protostome Development

Development where the mouth develops from the blastopore.

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Deuterostome Development

Development where the blastopore becomes the anus.

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Adult symmetry in echinoderms

Pentaradial symmetry

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Echinoderm symmetry

Radial symmetry in adults, bilateral symmetry in larvae

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Study Notes

Echinodermata Overview

  • Phylum Echinodermata includes marine animals like sea stars, brittle stars, sea lilies, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers.

Classes of Echinodermata

  • Five main classes:
    • Asteroidea: Sea stars
    • Ophiuroidea: Brittle stars
    • Crinoidea: Sea lilies and feather stars
    • Echinoidea: Sea urchins and sand dollars
    • Holothuroidea: Sea cucumbers

Water Vascular System

  • A hydraulic system that aids in locomotion, food and waste transportation, and respiration.

Key Traits

  • Pentaradial symmetry
  • Tube feet for movement and feeding
  • Deuterostome development
  • Water vascular system and ambulacral grooves

Madreporite

  • Acts as an opening for the water vascular system.

Tube Feet Function

  • Adapted for mobility and collecting food, small and flexible.

Developmental Stages

  • Larval stage exhibits bilateral symmetry, reflecting an ancestral trait of the phylum.

Derived Traits

  • Endoskeleton composed of ossicles provides structural support.

Feeding Mechanisms

  • Class Echinoidea has a highly folded cardiac stomach for its predatory feeding method.

Aristotle's Lantern

  • A unique feeding structure composed of teeth, allows scraping of algae or consumption of prey.

Test

  • A structure formed by ossicles that fuse into a sphere, providing protection and supporting tube feet.

Ecological and Economic Importance

  • Echinoderms play a role in controlling algae and are significant for ecosystems known as "ocean deserts." They also contribute to industries through limestone and food sources like sushi.

Class-Specific Characteristics

  • Asteroidea: Active predators with adapted tube feet for slow movement and opening clams.
  • Ophiuroidea: Characterized by slender, flexible arms; nocturnal scavengers that filter feed.
  • Crinoidea: Filter feeders with U-shaped guts; the most ancient class with arms composed of pinnules.
  • Echinoidea: Lack arms; round test for protection, movement through tube feet and jointed spines.
  • Holothuroidea: Soft-bodied with reduced ossicles, feeding tentacles modified from tube feet, defense mechanisms include expelling sticky tubules.

Development Definitions

  • Protostome Development: The mouth develops from the blastopore during early embryonic stages.
  • Deuterostome Development: The blastopore becomes the anus, with bilateral symmetry in larval stages.

Ancestral Traits for Echinoderms and Chordates

  • Shared traits include true tissues, bilateral symmetry, organ systems, coelomate structures, and a complete digestive tract.

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