Biliary Disease: Approach & Management

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What are the baseline investigations recommended for suspected biliary malignancies?

CBC, electrolytes, and kidney function (correct)

CBC and liver function tests

Liver function tests and biliary excretion products

Liver function tests and tumour markers

Which imaging modality is specifically used to assess the pancreas in suspected pancreatic cancer?

ERCP or PTC

CT pancreas protocol (correct)

MRI liver

CT chest

What is the primary purpose of ERCP or PTC in the investigation of biliary malignancies?

To assess for metastases

To biopsy mass or lymph node

To relieve biliary obstruction (correct)

To collect histological samples

Which tumour marker is associated with pancreatic cancer?

CA 19-9 Signup and view all the answers

What is the general prognosis described for patients with pancreatic and biliary cancers?

Shitty prognoses and survival rates Signup and view all the answers

In suspected cholangiocarcinoma, what procedure involves brushing the bile duct to collect samples for histology?

ERCP or PTC Signup and view all the answers

What is the main treatment approach for pancreatic and biliary cancers?

Resect if possible, systemic therapy otherwise Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom triad seen in cholangitis, which includes fever, RUQ pain, and jaundice?

Fever, RUQ pain, and jaundice Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging technique is considered the gold standard for diagnosing and treating choledocholithiasis?

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram (ERCP) Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk factor for biliary malignancies?

Chronic inflammation of the biliary tree Signup and view all the answers

In gallstone pancreatitis, what causes inflammation and pain in the pancreas?

Blockage of the pancreatic duct by gallstones Signup and view all the answers

What investigation is preferred if there is uncertainty in diagnosing gallstones and acute cholecystitis following an ultrasound?

HIDA scan Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging method can assess for CBD stones and biliary strictures non-invasively without using radiation or anesthesia?

MRCP Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the best diagnostic test for gallstones with 90% specificity but can lead to false negatives in certain conditions?

RUQ ultrasound Signup and view all the answers

Which surgical procedure is considered the gold standard for gallbladder stones?

Cholecystectomy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary lining of the gallbladder and biliary tree?

Cholangiocytes Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is closely associated with biliary cancers?

Primary sclerosing cholangitis Signup and view all the answers

What are common symptoms of cholangiocarcinoma?

Jaundice and generalized itching Signup and view all the answers

What is the elective surgical treatment for biliary colic?

Cholecystectomy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for biliary malignancies?

Obesity Signup and view all the answers

How is cholangiocarcinoma typically diagnosed?

Imaging studies and biopsy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances can contribute to the formation of mixed pigmented gallstones?

Bilirubin breakdown products Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of gallstones in the general population?

Cholesterol precipitates Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is classically associated with gallstones?

RUQ abdominal pain after eating greasy food Signup and view all the answers

What is the main risk factor for gallstone disease?

Obesity Signup and view all the answers

In the context of biliary malignancies, which presentation is suggestive of cholangiocarcinoma?

Jaundice and weight loss Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended investigation for suspected cholangiocarcinoma?

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment modality is commonly used for pancreatic and biliary cancers?

Surgical resection Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for gallstones hanging out in the gallbladder without causing any problems?

Cholelithiasis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for pigment gallstones?

Cirrhosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical duration of pain in biliary colic?

< 6 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which condition presents with gallstones in the common bile duct?

Choledocholithiasis Signup and view all the answers

What is a common medication known to cause gallstones?

Hormones & oral contraceptives Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for inflammation of the gallbladder that does not resolve like biliary colic?

Cholecystitis Signup and view all the answers

What is a common presentation of cholangiocarcinoma?

Jaundice and weight loss Signup and view all the answers

What is a common investigation for suspected cholangiocarcinoma?

ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a treatment option for pancreatic cancer?

Surgery or chemotherapy Signup and view all the answers

What is a common treatment approach for biliary cancers?

Surgical resection or liver transplant Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances contribute to the formation of mixed pigmented gallstones?

Bile salts Signup and view all the answers

In biliary malignancies, which presentation is suggestive of cholangiocarcinoma?

Jaundice and pruritus Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is known to cause gallstones?

Ceftriaxone Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging modality is used to assess the pancreas in suspected pancreatic cancer?

EUS Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for biliary malignancies?

Obesity Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between cholesterol and bile salts in gallstone formation?

Bile salts increase cholesterol solubility in bile Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following imaging methods can assess for metastases in suspected pancreatic cancer?

CT chest, abdo, pelvis Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging modality is considered the gold standard for both diagnosing and treating choledocholithiasis?

ERCP Signup and view all the answers

What imaging technique is specifically recommended to assess for common bile duct (CBD) stones and biliary strictures non-invasively, without using radiation or anesthesia?

MRCP Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is commonly known to cause gallstones?

Ceftriaxone Signup and view all the answers

What presentation type is typically suggestive of cholangiocarcinoma in the context of biliary malignancies?

Painless jaundice Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography (PTC) in the investigation of biliary malignancies?

Histological sampling Signup and view all the answers

Which substance can significantly contribute to the formation of mixed pigmented gallstones?

Bilirubin Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the best diagnostic test for gallstones with 90% specificity but can lead to false negatives under certain conditions?

Ultrasound Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for gallstone disease as described in the text?

High levels of calcium in the bile Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible clinical presentation of gallstones according to the text?

RUQ abdominal pain after eating greasy food Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, what role does cholesterol play in the formation of gallstones?

Cholesterol precipitates to form gallstones Signup and view all the answers

Which medication, as indicated in the text, is known to cause gallstones?

Oral contraceptives Signup and view all the answers

What imaging technique is suggested in the text for assessing CBD stones and biliary strictures non-invasively?

MRI scan Signup and view all the answers

What is a plausible risk factor for gallstone disease based on the text?

Biliary obstruction such as bile duct strictures Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk factor for biliary malignancies according to the text?

Obesity Signup and view all the answers

What type of presentation is usually associated with cholangiocarcinoma in its early stages?

Jaundice Signup and view all the answers

Which medication, as per the text, is known to contribute to the formation of gallstones?

Estrogen therapy Signup and view all the answers

How is bile related to cholesterol according to the text?

Bile aids in the digestion and absorption of dietary cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging method is not invasive and does not use radiation or anesthesia to assess for CBD stones and biliary strictures?

Ultrasound Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom associated with gallstones in the text?

Abdominal pain (usually in the RUQ) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is closely associated with biliary cancers?

Chronic IBD, particularly UC Signup and view all the answers

Which risk factor contributes to the formation of cholesterol gallstones?

Family history Signup and view all the answers

How does dyslipidemia contribute to the formation of gallstones?

By decreasing biliary secretion of cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is NOT associated with an increased risk of gallstone formation?

Proton pump inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary imaging modality used to diagnose gallstones in the common bile duct?

ERCP Signup and view all the answers

Which presentation is characteristic of choledocholithiasis?

Persistent right upper quadrant pain without vomiting or fever Signup and view all the answers

How does rapid weight loss contribute to the formation of gallstones?

By causing biliary stasis Signup and view all the answers

Which factor increases the risk of pigment gallstones?

History of Crohn's disease Signup and view all the answers

How do hormones and oral contraceptives contribute to gallstone formation?

By increasing biliary secretion of cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

What imaging modality is commonly used to assess for gallstones within the gallbladder?

Ultrasound Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of biliary colic that transforms into cholecystitis?

Fever and right upper quadrant pain Signup and view all the answers

Biliary Disease: Approach &amp; Management

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Questions and Answers

What are the baseline investigations recommended for suspected biliary malignancies?

Which imaging modality is specifically used to assess the pancreas in suspected pancreatic cancer?

What is the primary purpose of ERCP or PTC in the investigation of biliary malignancies?

Which tumour marker is associated with pancreatic cancer?

What is the general prognosis described for patients with pancreatic and biliary cancers?

In suspected cholangiocarcinoma, what procedure involves brushing the bile duct to collect samples for histology?

What is the main treatment approach for pancreatic and biliary cancers?

What is a common symptom triad seen in cholangitis, which includes fever, RUQ pain, and jaundice?

Which imaging technique is considered the gold standard for diagnosing and treating choledocholithiasis?

What is a significant risk factor for biliary malignancies?

In gallstone pancreatitis, what causes inflammation and pain in the pancreas?

What investigation is preferred if there is uncertainty in diagnosing gallstones and acute cholecystitis following an ultrasound?

Which imaging method can assess for CBD stones and biliary strictures non-invasively without using radiation or anesthesia?

What is considered the best diagnostic test for gallstones with 90% specificity but can lead to false negatives in certain conditions?

Which surgical procedure is considered the gold standard for gallbladder stones?

What is the primary lining of the gallbladder and biliary tree?

Which condition is closely associated with biliary cancers?

What are common symptoms of cholangiocarcinoma?

What is the elective surgical treatment for biliary colic?

Which of the following is a risk factor for biliary malignancies?

How is cholangiocarcinoma typically diagnosed?

Which of the following substances can contribute to the formation of mixed pigmented gallstones?

What is the most common cause of gallstones in the general population?

Which symptom is classically associated with gallstones?

What is the main risk factor for gallstone disease?

In the context of biliary malignancies, which presentation is suggestive of cholangiocarcinoma?

What is the recommended investigation for suspected cholangiocarcinoma?

Which treatment modality is commonly used for pancreatic and biliary cancers?

What is the term for gallstones hanging out in the gallbladder without causing any problems?

Which of the following is a risk factor for pigment gallstones?

What is the typical duration of pain in biliary colic?

Which condition presents with gallstones in the common bile duct?

What is a common medication known to cause gallstones?

What is the term for inflammation of the gallbladder that does not resolve like biliary colic?

What is a common presentation of cholangiocarcinoma?

What is a common investigation for suspected cholangiocarcinoma?

Which of the following is a treatment option for pancreatic cancer?

What is a common treatment approach for biliary cancers?

Which of the following substances contribute to the formation of mixed pigmented gallstones?

In biliary malignancies, which presentation is suggestive of cholangiocarcinoma?

Which medication is known to cause gallstones?

Which imaging modality is used to assess the pancreas in suspected pancreatic cancer?

Which of the following is a risk factor for biliary malignancies?

What is the relationship between cholesterol and bile salts in gallstone formation?

Which of the following imaging methods can assess for metastases in suspected pancreatic cancer?

Which imaging modality is considered the gold standard for both diagnosing and treating choledocholithiasis?

What imaging technique is specifically recommended to assess for common bile duct (CBD) stones and biliary strictures non-invasively, without using radiation or anesthesia?

Which medication is commonly known to cause gallstones?

What presentation type is typically suggestive of cholangiocarcinoma in the context of biliary malignancies?

What is the primary purpose of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography (PTC) in the investigation of biliary malignancies?

Which substance can significantly contribute to the formation of mixed pigmented gallstones?

What is considered the best diagnostic test for gallstones with 90% specificity but can lead to false negatives under certain conditions?

Which of the following is a risk factor for gallstone disease as described in the text?

What is a possible clinical presentation of gallstones according to the text?

According to the information provided, what role does cholesterol play in the formation of gallstones?

Which medication, as indicated in the text, is known to cause gallstones?

What imaging technique is suggested in the text for assessing CBD stones and biliary strictures non-invasively?

What is a plausible risk factor for gallstone disease based on the text?

What is a risk factor for biliary malignancies according to the text?

What type of presentation is usually associated with cholangiocarcinoma in its early stages?

Which medication, as per the text, is known to contribute to the formation of gallstones?

How is bile related to cholesterol according to the text?

Which imaging method is not invasive and does not use radiation or anesthesia to assess for CBD stones and biliary strictures?

What is a common symptom associated with gallstones in the text?

Which condition is closely associated with biliary cancers?

Which risk factor contributes to the formation of cholesterol gallstones?

How does dyslipidemia contribute to the formation of gallstones?

Which medication is NOT associated with an increased risk of gallstone formation?

What is the primary imaging modality used to diagnose gallstones in the common bile duct?

Which presentation is characteristic of choledocholithiasis?

How does rapid weight loss contribute to the formation of gallstones?

Which factor increases the risk of pigment gallstones?

How do hormones and oral contraceptives contribute to gallstone formation?

What imaging modality is commonly used to assess for gallstones within the gallbladder?

What is a possible consequence of biliary colic that transforms into cholecystitis?

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