Big 4 of Philosophy: Ethics, Metaphysics, Logic, Epistemology

What is the focus of normative ethics?

What should we do. Are actions morally permissible/required/forbidden (correct)
What do people see as morally good or bad
What is morality. Can we really know what we should do
Philosophical reflection on ethics

Which subfield of ethics involves philosophical reflection on morality and the nature of moral norms?

History of ethics
Normative ethics
Meta-ethics (correct)
Descriptive ethics

What is the main concern of descriptive ethics?

Applying ethical theories like deontology and virtue ethics
Determining what should be done and whether actions are morally permissible
Philosophical reflection on ethics
What do people see as morally good or bad (correct)

Which branch of ethics involves studying how people think about moral issues and how their thoughts lead to moral or immoral behavior?

Moral psychology (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of meta-ethics?

Reflecting on the nature of morality and the existence of moral facts (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which area of ethics focuses on determining what actions are morally permissible, required, or forbidden?

Normative ethics (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relevance of moral psychology for sports ethics?

Understanding the mechanisms behind moral beliefs and behaviors helps in forming better judgments and behaviors. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the origins of morality and moral disagreement?

Biological evolution and cultural learning. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes shallow moral disagreements?

Vagueness of norms and situations. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objection to Moral Foundations Theory according to the text?

Conservatives do not possess a 'richer' morality compared to liberals. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key factor for resolving moral disagreements according to the text?

Promoting individual learning and social interaction. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes deep moral disagreements from shallow ones?

The ranking and balancing of different values in deep moral disagreements. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the strategies suggested to address objections to Moral Foundations Theory?

Increasing contact with outgroup members and noting variation in their perspectives. (A) Signup and view all the answers

'Moral Conflict' is characterized by:

'Vagueness' or 'deepness' of moral disagreements. (B) Signup and view all the answers

'Meta-Ethics & Moral Psychology' primarily focuses on:

'Why do we disagree on certain moral concepts?' (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of behavioral economics?

Understanding the mechanisms behind behavioral change (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary assumption of Law & Economics according to the text?

People are rational and want to maximize expected utility (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the author suggest individuals strive for according to 'Aiming for Moral Mediocrity'?

To be morally average compared to their peers (B) Signup and view all the answers

In which field does 'Nudging' play a part in increasing the likelihood of good choices, as mentioned in the text?

Behavioral economics (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying assumption of 'Moral Mediocrity' according to Eric Schwitzgebel?

Morality should be relative to the behavior of those around us (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between Behavioral Economics and Law & Economics, based on the text?

Behavioral Economics focuses on changing the environment for good choices, while Law & Economics focuses on maximizing expected utility (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'So What if I’m Not a Saint' excuse according to the text?

A false dichotomy between moral mediocrity and huge self-sacrifice (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of 'Moral cleansing' according to the text?

Balancing a bad action by doing something good (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about professional ethicists' behavior?

They act similarly to others with a similar social background (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Trade-off norm violations' excuse?

Allowing oneself to do something bad because of previous good deeds (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main issue with the 'Fairness Objection' according to the text?

It justifies morally mediocre or bad actions based on peer behavior (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about people's tendency to choose moral standards?

They tend to choose standards that flatter their vices or preferences (D) Signup and view all the answers

'Moral identity theory' suggests that individuals:

Work to match others' perceptions of their moral traits with their own perceptions (B) Signup and view all the answers

'Moral goodness isn’t important to us, as long as we aren’t the worst.' According to the text, what should individuals do based on this statement?

Strive for moral excellence (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main argument against the 'Moral self-licensing' excuse according to the text?

It allows for doing one bad thing after doing several good things (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of 'Moral middlingness' according to the text?

It guides individuals' moral behavior based on peers' actions and perceptions (D) Signup and view all the answers