Week 1 inflammation

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What is the main cause of atherosclerosis?

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

Chronic inflammation of vessel wall (correct)

Inadequate blood flow to heart or legs

Buildup of fatty plaque in arteries

What is the connection between diabetes and inflammation?

Diabetes reduces oxidative stress which enhances inflammation

Diabetes decreases the risk of inflammation

Diabetes has no effect on inflammation

Diabetes promotes oxidative stress which enhances inflammation (correct)

What is the link between visceral fat and inflammation?

Visceral fat decreases the risk of inflammation-related diseases

Visceral fat contains proinflammatory cytokines which cause low-grade inflammation (correct)

Visceral fat has no effect on inflammation

Visceral fat reduces inflammation in the body

Which type of immune response takes more time to develop and can become maladaptive in autoimmune conditions?

Adaptive immune response Signup and view all the answers

What are the cardinal features of acute inflammation?

Vascular changes, pain and dysfunction, classic inflammatory cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of arthritis is marked by systemic inflammation caused by the immune system attacking healthy tissue?

Rheumatoid arthritis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following may trigger inflammation?

Exposure to UV light Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between acute and chronic inflammation?

Acute inflammation commences within minutes and dissipates within few hours to days, while chronic inflammation may linger for months to years Signup and view all the answers

What are some factors that can influence soft tissue healing?

Getting enough rest Signup and view all the answers

Which type of nerve injury involves division of entire nerve, Wallerian degeneration, and limited regeneration due to intraneural damage and misdirected regeneration?

Neurotmesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for acute inflammation and tissue injury?

Ice, compression, and elevation Signup and view all the answers

What are the features of chronic tendinopathy?

Tissue destruction and attempts at healing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a major factor that influences muscle healing?

Limited early stress across the wound Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a grade I and a grade II muscle strain?

Grade I has minimal haematoma, while Grade II has greater haematoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that influences ligament healing?

Gap between ligament ends Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the inflammatory phase in soft-tissue healing?

To eliminate debris Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between CRP and hs-CRP?

CRP is used to measure risk of heart disease and stroke, while hs-CRP is the most widely used lab measure of inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the proliferative phase in soft-tissue healing?

To generate new replacement tissue or scar tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the time frame for muscle soreness in Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS)?

Starts after 24 hrs, peaks at 24-48 hrs and subsides by 7 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of tendon injury?

Chronic overload and microdamage Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of compartment syndrome?

Swollen, painful limb, tense muscle, weak pulse or diminished nerve function Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a first-line treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis?

Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a way that exercise promotes tissue repair?

Promoting release of anti-inflammatory proteins Signup and view all the answers

What are the detrimental effects of immobilisation after a ligament injury?

Increased resorption of bone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can eliminate or reduce the need for NSAIDs or steroids?

DMARDs Signup and view all the answers

What do disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) do?

Suppress inflammation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can assist in weight loss?

Exercise Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of exercise on inflammation-promoting macrophages in fat tissue?

It decreases their proliferation Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line treatment for rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis?