Beta Blockers and Carvedilol Quiz

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Which enzymes are responsible for the metabolism of catecholamines?

Catecholamine oxidase [CO]

Monoamine oxidase [MAO] (correct)

Catecholamine reductase [CR]

Monosaccharide oxidase [MO]

What distinguishes catecholamines from noncatecholamines?

Duration of action

Ability to be used orally

Ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (correct)

Presence of benzene ring

What is the defining feature of a catechol group in catecholamines?

Amine component

Presence of hydroxyl groups on two adjacent carbons (correct)

Ethylamine component

Benzene ring

Which adrenergic agonist works by promoting norepinephrine release and blocking norepinephrine reuptake?

Ephedrine Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes indirect adrenergic agonists from direct ones?

Inhibition of norepinephrine inactivation Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of the pink or brown pigmentation in catecholamine-containing solutions over time?

Oxidation of the catecholamine molecule Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptors are located presynaptically in the central nervous system and their activation inhibits norepinephrine release?

Alpha-2 receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic application of activating beta-2 receptors?

Asthma Signup and view all the answers

What is the main adverse effect of overstimulation of beta-1 receptors?

Tachycardia and dysrhythmias Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary therapeutic use of dopamine receptors activation?

Cardiac arrest treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is the receptor specificity of epinephrine?

Alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, and beta-2 Signup and view all the answers

Which adrenergic agonist is specifically indicated for the treatment of heart failure?

Dobutamine Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of norepinephrine as a medication?

Catecholamine Signup and view all the answers

Which adrenergic agonist has receptor specificity for activation of dopamine receptors only at low doses, B1 at moderate doses, and A1 at high doses?

Dopamine Signup and view all the answers

Which adrenergic agonist can benefit asthma through bronchodilation and improve hemodynamic status in patients with shock?

Ephedrine Signup and view all the answers

Which type of adrenergic antagonist is used to reduce the contraction of smooth muscle in the prostatic capsule and bladder neck?

Selective alpha adrenergic blocking agents Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant adverse effect associated with alpha-2 blockade?

Potentiation of reflex tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

What can be given prior to surgery for pheochromocytoma to prevent massive catecholamine release?

Selective alpha adrenergic blocking agents Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic application of nonselective alpha blockers like phentolamine?

Blocking A1 and A2 receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the therapeutic applications of alpha blockade mentioned in the text?

Relief of symptoms of Raynaud's disease Signup and view all the answers

Which group of beta blockers is used to treat glaucoma?

Second generation (cardioselective) Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effects are associated with non-selective beta adrenergic blocking agents?

Hypoglycemia Signup and view all the answers

Why must beta blockers be used with caution in patients with heart failure or reduced cardiac reserve?

They precipitate heart failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential complication of B-blocker therapy related to AV conduction?

AV heart block Signup and view all the answers

What is the suggested method to minimize the risk of rebound excitation when withdrawing beta blockers?

Gradual withdrawal over a period of one to two weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the difficulty in establishing doses of propranolol?

Patients have widely varying requirements for propranolol Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect is unique to metoprolol among the selective Beta blockers?

Masking the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia Signup and view all the answers

What sets carvedilol and labetalol apart from other Beta blockers?

They block alpha adrenergic receptors in addition to Beta receptors Signup and view all the answers

Why are nadolol and atenolol less likely to penetrate the blood-brain barrier compared to propranolol and metoprolol?

They are less lipid soluble Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic makes sotalol and esmolol unsuited for treating HTN?

They require maintenance of blood levels throughout the day, everyday Signup and view all the answers

What is the first dose recommendation for prazosin?

No more than 1mg Signup and view all the answers

Which drug can prolong QT and should not be given with inhibitors of CYP34A?

Alfuzosin Signup and view all the answers

What are the three beta blockers shown to be effective in the treatment of heart failure?

Carvedilol, Bisoprolol, Metoprolol succinate Signup and view all the answers

What is the main therapeutic application of beta blockers in the context of hyperthyroidism?

Suppression of tachydysrhythmia and angina caused by increased sensitivity of heart catecholamines Signup and view all the answers

For which condition can beta blockers be used prophylactically to reduce frequency and intensity of attacks?

Migraine attacks Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of clonidine in reducing blood pressure?

Activating central A2 receptors to reduce sympathetic outflow to the blood vessels and heart Signup and view all the answers

What are the approved indications for clonidine?

Hypertension, severe pain, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Signup and view all the answers

How does guanfacine lower blood pressure?

By activating brainstem A2 adrenergic receptors to reduce sympathetic outflow to the heart and blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes methyldopa from clonidine and guanfacine in its mechanism of action?

It inhibits sympathetic outflow from the CNS by causing alpha-2 activation in the brain Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes methyldopa from methyldopate?

Methyldopate is an IV agent that is almost identical to methyldopa in structure and pharmacologic effects Signup and view all the answers