10 Questions
Which management approach focuses on the efficient management of resources and the achievement of organizational goals?
Bureaucratic Model
Which approach to management is concerned with the psychological and social aspects of human behavior in organizations?
Human Relations Management
What is the primary focus of the Behavioral Model of management?
Understanding human behavior
Which leadership style is most effective in situations where tasks are routine and well-defined?
Autocratic
What is the primary goal of employee motivation in organizations?
To achieve organizational goals
Which of the following is a key factor influencing individual and group behavior in organizations?
Organizational culture
What is the primary focus of the Bureaucratic Model of management?
Organizational efficiency
Which of the following is a characteristic of Human Relations Management?
Recognition of human factors in organizational behavior
What is the primary goal of organizational control processes?
To achieve organizational goals
Which of the following leadership styles is most effective in situations where tasks are complex and uncertain?
Transformational
Study Notes
Main Contributors of Behavioral Perspective
- Elton Mayo:
- Conducted experiments at Hawthorne plant of Western Electric, which became a turning point in management thinking
- Discovered that job satisfaction increases through employee participation in decisions rather than short-term incentives
- Concluded that social needs are more important than physical work environment or monetary incentives
- Believed that "Man is a social creature that should be motivated by acknowledging his/her social needs"
Hugo Munsterberg
- Known as the "Father of industrial psychology"
- Made valuable contributions to managerial decision making in areas of employee motivation
Mary Parker
- Suggested two main concepts to improve organizational performance:
- Participative Management: workers help in analyzing their jobs for improvements
- Empowerment: workers with relevant knowledge should control the task
Douglas McGregor
- Formulated Theory X and Theory Y, suggesting two aspects of human behavior at work
- Theory X: pessimistic view of people, assuming they are unmotivated and dislike work
- Theory Y: optimistic view of people, using decentralized, participative management style
System 1 and System 4 Organizations
- Identified by the behavioral model, varying in eight fundamental processes
- System 1: rigid and inflexible, with no perceived confidence and trust between superiors and subordinates
- System 4: flexible, with perceived confidence and trust between superiors and subordinates, and a free flow of ideas and opinions
Learning Outcomes
- Identify different management approaches adopted by contemporary organizations
- Explain how the evolution of management thought has affected contemporary management practices
- Explain the effect of macro and micro environment on the organization
- Examine the planning process in the organization and its implications
- Examine different organizational structures and their uses and environmental influences
- Describe different factors influencing individual and group behavior in organizations
- Explain different theoretical and practical approaches to employee motivation
- Examine different leadership styles and their effectiveness
- Explain the communication process and group dynamics in the organization
- Describe how control processes could be effectively used in organizational management
This quiz is about the main contributors of behavioral perspective in management, including Elton Mayo and his experiments at Hawthorne plant.
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