Behavioral Inhibition System and Anxiety
37 Questions
18 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary response when the BIS is activated?

  • A general sense of uncontrollability
  • A feeling of calmness
  • A tendency to fight
  • An immediate alarm-and-escape response (correct)

    • How can upbringing influence a child's sense of control?

  • A secure home base encourages exploration (correct)
  • Positive interactions with parents lead to a sense of uncertainty
  • Constant supervision minimizes stress
  • Overprotective parenting fosters independence

    • What types of events are most likely to trigger biological and psychological vulnerabilities to anxiety?

  • Financial troubles
  • Social and interpersonal stressors (correct)
  • Natural disasters
  • Physical illness

    • What contributes to a general sense of uncontrollability according to psychological factors?

    <p>Awareness that not all events are controllable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do family dynamics affect reactions to stress?

    <p>Responses to stressors are learned by observing relatives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Separation Anxiety Disorder?

    <p>Persistent reluctance to sleep away from home</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is fear transmitted in the context of specific phobias?

    <p>Vicarious learning from observing others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment approach is effective for specific phobias?

    <p>Structured and consistent exposure-based exercises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might a child with Separation Anxiety Disorder experience during sleep?

    <p>Nightmares involving themes of separation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do parents play in the treatment of Separation Anxiety Disorder?

    <p>Parents help structure exercises and reactions to anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic criterion for Separation Anxiety Disorder?

    <p>Desire to be alone away from attachment figures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After treatment for specific phobias, which areas show increased responsiveness?

    <p>Prefrontal cortical areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of behavior is common in children with Separation Anxiety Disorder when leaving home?

    <p>A refusal to leave home or attend school</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly associated with Separation Anxiety Disorder?

    <p>Repeated physical symptoms upon separation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a requirement for diagnosing Separation Anxiety Disorder in children?

    <p>Symptoms lasting at least 4 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation does Social Anxiety Disorder typically manifest?

    <p>When performing in front of others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic criterion for Social Anxiety Disorder?

    <p>Scrutinizing oneself in front of a mirror</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physical reactions might someone with Social Anxiety Disorder experience?

    <p>Trembling and sweating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature distinguishes Social Anxiety Disorder from Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

    <p>Fear of social situations specifically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What duration is typically required for diagnosing adults with Separation Anxiety Disorder?

    <p>6 months or more</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the fear in Japan that is similar to Social Anxiety Disorder?

    <p>Shinkeishitsue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder?

    <p>Reexperiencing the traumatic event</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT contribute to the diagnosis of PTSD?

    <p>Experiencing ongoing stressors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long after a traumatic event can PTSD be diagnosed?

    <p>At least one month after occurrence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant feature of Acute Stress Disorder?

    <p>Symptoms last from three days to one month after trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which behavior is characteristic of someone suffering from PTSD?

    <p>Destructive or reckless behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'dissociative' subtype of PTSD involve?

    <p>Reduced emotional responses and feelings of unreality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of PTSD?

    <p>Increased sense of control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What represents a possible delay in the onset of PTSD symptoms?

    <p>Symptoms not developing for at least six months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of Adjustment Disorder?

    <p>Anxious or depressive reactions to life stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining feature of Reactive Attachment Disorder?

    <p>Inability to form normal attachment relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of compulsion is most commonly associated with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?

    <p>Checking doors multiple times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder?

    <p>Showing no inhibitions in approaching unfamiliar adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes thought-action fusion in the context of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?

    <p>The belief that thinking something will cause it to happen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical pattern of behavior in individuals with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?

    <p>Intrusive thoughts coupled with compulsive actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates Adjustment Disorder from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?

    <p>Adjustment Disorder reactions are generally milder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?

    <p>Lack of interest in forming attachments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Behavioral Inhibition System

    • BIS activation leads to freezing, anxiety, and cautious situation appraisal
    • BIS is a distinct circuit from the panic circuit, partially affected by serotonin levels
    • Stimulating the BIS in animals results in an immediate alarm and escape response resembling human panic

    Psychological Contributions to Anxiety

    • General sense of uncontrollability arises from the understanding that events are often outside our control
    • This sense may develop early due to disruptive or traumatic upbringing and environmental factors
    • Positive and predictable parental interaction, responding to children's needs, fosters a secure home base and allows them to explore and build coping skills, leading to a healthy sense of control
    • Overprotective and over-intrusive parenting, shielding children from adversity, can hinder the development of a healthy sense of control

    Social Contributions to Anxiety

    • Stressful events can trigger biological and psychological vulnerabilities to anxiety
    • Common stressors are social and interpersonal, including marriage, family, school, death, and pressure
    • The same stressors can trigger both physical and mental reactions
    • Family members play a role in anxiety transmission through modeling and copying behavior observed from parents and relatives

    Specific Phobia

    • Requires structured and consistent exposure-based treatment
    • Therapists work with individuals, guiding them through exposure exercises involving the phobia object or situation
    • Patients practice approaching the phobic situation at home
    • Treatment reduces responsiveness in the fear-sensitive network and enhances prefrontal cortical activity

    Separation Anxiety Disorder

    • Characterized by exaggerated worry about harm befalling parents or other significant figures, or separation from them
    • Children may refuse to go to school or leave home due to fear of separation from loved ones
    • Symptoms include refusing to sleep alone and experiencing nightmares
    • Treatment often involves parents to structure exercises and address parental reactions to childhood anxiety
    • Real-time coaching of parents is also employed

    Diagnostic Criteria for Separation Anxiety Disorder

    • Developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety concerning separation from attachment figures
    • This fear manifests in at least three of the following:
      • Distress anticipating or experiencing separation from home or attachment figures
      • Worry about losing attachment figures or harm befalling them
      • Worry about experiencing an event causing separation from attachment figures
      • Reluctance or refusal to go out due to fear of separation
      • Fear or reluctance about being alone without attachment figures
      • Reluctance or refusal to sleep away from home without attachment figures
      • Separation-themed nightmares
      • Physical symptoms like headaches, stomachaches, nausea, or vomiting when separation occurs or is anticipated
    • Persistent fear, anxiety, or avoidance lasting at least 4 weeks (children/adolescents) or 6 months (adults)
    • Clinically significant distress or impairment in social, academic, occupational, or other areas of functioning
    • Not better explained by other mental disorders

    Social Anxiety Disorder

    • Also known as social phobia, it goes beyond shyness
    • Individuals experience difficulty performing social actions only when observed due to fear of scrutiny
    • Performance Anxiety involves discomfort with specific actions in front of others, fearing embarrassment
    • Anxiety-provoking physical reactions include blushing, sweating, trembling, urination issues ("bashful bladder")
    • Cultural variations exist, including "Shinkeishitsue" in Japan and "Taijin kyofusho" and "Olfactory reference syndrome" in North America

    Diagnostic Criteria for Social Phobia

    • Marked fear or anxiety about one or more social situations involving potential scrutiny by others
    • Examples include social interactions, observation, and performance in front of others
    • In children, anxiety must occur in peer settings and not just during interactions with adults

    Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

    • Preceded by exposure to a traumatic event, whether directly experienced, witnessed, learned about through a close family member or friend, or repeatedly exposed to details of the event
    • Results in:
      • Flashbacks: reexperiencing the traumatic event
      • Avoidance of reminders of the trauma
      • Restriction or numbing of emotional responsiveness
      • Memory impairment regarding aspects of the event

    Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: Continued

    • Chronic hyperarousal, startled easily, and prone to anger
    • Reckless or self-destructive behavior
    • Dissociative subtype: reduced arousal with feelings of unreality
    • Difficulty sleeping and recurring intrusive dreams
    • Feelings of guilt
    • Diagnosis cannot be made until at least one month after the traumatic event
    • Delayed onset: individuals may develop full-blown PTSD months or years after the trauma
    • Acute Stress Disorder: similar to PTSD but occurring within the first month after the traumatic event, lasting 3 days to 1 month

    Diagnostic Criteria for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

    • Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence through one or more of the following:
      • Directly experiencing the traumatic event(s)
      • Witnessing the event(s) happening to others
      • Learning about the traumatic event(s) occurring to a close family member or friend
      • Repeated or extreme exposure to aversive details of the traumatic event(s)

    Adjustment Disorder

    • Anxious or depressive reactions to life stress, milder than acute stress disorder or PTSD, but impairing in work, school, relationships, or other areas of life
    • Attachment Disorder: disturbed and developmentally inappropriate behaviors in children under five years old, hindering their ability to form normal attachments with caregivers

    Attachment Disorder: Subtypes

    • Reactive Attachment Disorder: children rarely seek out caregivers for protection, support, or nurturing; exhibit lack of responsiveness, limited positive affect, fearfulness, and intense sadness
    • Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder: children show no hesitations approaching adults; engage in inappropriately intimate behavior; willingly accompany unfamiliar adults

    Acute Stress Disorder

    • Similar to PTSD but occurs within the first month after the trauma, emphasizing the immediate severe reaction experienced by some
    • Characterized by intrusive and nonsensical thoughts, images, or urges (obsessions) that individuals try to resist or eliminate
    • Compulsions are thoughts or actions used to suppress obsessions and alleviate relief
    • Types of Obsessions and Associated Compulsions:
      • Symmetry/exactness/ "just right"
      • Forbidden thoughts or actions (aggressive, sexual, religious)
      • Cleaning/contamination
      • Hoarding

    Causes of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

    • Early experiences may teach individuals that certain thoughts are dangerous and unacceptable, leading to the belief that the terrible things they think might happen and they would be responsible
    • Thought-action fusion: belief that thinking about something equates to doing it
    • Strength of religious beliefs can influence intrusive thoughts
    • Resistance to intrusive thoughts through suppression or neutralization
    • Generalized biological and psychological vulnerabilities are necessary for the disorder to develop

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    AbPsy L6 - Anxiety, Trauma and Stressor and Obsessive Compulsive Disorders (1).pdf

    Description

    Explore the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) and its role in anxiety. This quiz covers BIS activation, psychological contributions to anxiety, and the social factors that impact individual vulnerability. Understand how early experiences and parenting styles shape our ability to manage anxiety.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser