Anxiety and the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS)
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Questions and Answers

What model did Joseph Newman develop to explain anxiety?

  • Experiential Consequences Theory
  • Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) (correct)
  • Fear and Reward Model
  • Amygdala Activation Theory

Where is the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) located in the brain network?

  • Occipital Lobe
  • Amygdala
  • Frontal Lobe
  • Septo-hippocampal brain network (correct)

According to Joseph Newman, what is the core problem in psychopaths?

  • Underactive Reward Center
  • Overactive Behavioural Activation System
  • Increased amygdala activity
  • Not learning to fear punishment (correct)

What explanation does Joseph Newman provide for why psychopaths make errors on tasks involving rewards?

<p>Their under-active BIS leads them to repeat punished behaviors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one behavior exhibited by children with psychopathic traits when playing with a deck of cards?

<p>Continuing to play even when the cards no longer lead to rewards (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain structure also plays a key role in the experience of fear, alongside the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS)?

<p>Amygdala (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What brain regions were found to have differences in murderers pleading not guilty by reason of insanity?

<p>vMPFC, amygdala, superior temporal lobe (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a common finding in aggressive individuals with different personality disorders?

<p>Reduced activity in the orbitofrontal cortex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a study by Jean Decety and colleagues, which brain regions showed increased activity in aggressive teenagers while watching films of deliberate infliction of pain?

<p>Amygdala, ventral striatum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may be of key importance in anti-social behavior according to the text?

<p>Hypersensitivity of the reward circuitry (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which German word describes experiencing pleasure at someone else's pain?

<p>Schadenfreude (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of teenagers were studied by Jean Decety and colleagues at the University of Chicago?

<p>Teenagers with Conduct Disorder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main argument presented in the text regarding the term 'evil'?

<p>It should be substituted with 'absent empathy'. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes James' behavior according to the text?

<p>Self-centeredness and entitlement. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Zero-Negative type is James classified as in the text?

<p>Type N (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a prominent characteristic of James' perception about himself in the text?

<p>Self-righteousness and victimhood. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does James view the actions of others towards him in the text?

<p>As indifferent and selfish. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What neural abnormalities are seen in aggressive people in relation to empathy?

<p>Decreased ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC) activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What brain region's size contributes to the sex difference in anti-social behavior?

<p>Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What brain region's integrity is reduced in psychopaths, predicting their scores on the Psychopathy Checklist?

<p>Tract between ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC) and amygdala (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary problem in the psychopathic brain according to one view?

<p>Decreased activity in the frontal lobes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region is responsible for providing 'executive' control over action?

<p>Frontal lobes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What brain regions are affected in psychopaths, leading to abnormalities in the empathy circuit?

<p>Temporal regions and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is released by the pituitary gland in response to a signal from the amygdala during stress?

<p>ACTH (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does cortisol affect the hippocampus under prolonged stress conditions?

<p>It shrinks and damages it irreversibly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the phenomenon where nerve cells start branching excessively under stress, making them over-reactive?

<p>Aborization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior does an animal typically exhibit when faced with a small threat according to the text?

<p>Freeze to assess the situation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of 'escape' behavior in animals facing a bigger and closer threat?

<p>To minimize risk of being attacked (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region plays a crucial role in allowing animals to regulate their stress response according to the text?

<p>Hippocampus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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