Behavioral Endocrinology Overview

<p>Hormones are secreted by glands, while neurotransmitters are secreted by neurons. (A), Neurotransmitters work rapidly and locally. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cortisol increases stress levels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Preparing the body for 'fight or flight' responses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxytocin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Target cells possess specific receptors that bind to certain hormones. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It regulates the sleep-wake cycle, aligning it with the day-night cycle. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Laughter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevating blood glucose levels before waking (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreases cortisol levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Growth Mindset (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The binding of a hormone to its receptor can activate cellular pathways or gene expression. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hormonal regulation ensures behavior is independent of environmental conditions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social Exclusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immunocytochemistry (ICC)/Immunohistochemistry (IHC) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ability to measure hormone levels without blood sampling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specific proteins like hormone receptors or enzymes in brain tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radioimmunoassay (RIA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It measures hormone levels without taking blood samples. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased alertness and preparation for stress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can moderate the intensity of the stress response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>BPA mimics estrogen and can alter reproductive behaviors, including mating preferences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cognitive impairments and delayed sensory-motor integration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychology, endocrinology, neuroscience, zoology, and genetics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was the first scientific journal dedicated specifically to behavioral endocrinology. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Castrated roosters did not develop typical male physical traits, like combs and wattles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The realization that hormones influence not just physical development, but also behavior. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Substances produced by the testes are vital for normal male development and behavior. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A male rooster that has been castrated. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased crowing frequency. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Castrated men experience changes in physical traits and behavior. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It first demonstrated that substances secreted by internal organs can travel through the bloodstream. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was immediately recognized as a groundbreaking discovery and sparked further research. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of how hormones influence behavior. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There was no widespread understanding of the concept of hormones at the time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Testosterone can impact brain areas involved in emotional processing and decision-making, potentially influencing aggression. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Testosterone can impact muscle tone and readiness for aggression, potentially influencing posture, facial expressions, and vocalizations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical exercise increases both testosterone and growth hormone levels, potentially enhancing muscle growth and recovery. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social support increases oxytocin and decreases cortisol levels, reducing stress and promoting bonding. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Winning increases testosterone and decreases cortisol, while losing has the opposite effect. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behavioral changes trigger physiological responses that influence hormone production and release. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crying decreases cortisol and increases oxytocin, promoting calming and bonding. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hormones like estrogens might influence the muscles involved in vocalization, potentially affecting singing behavior. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A technique using antibodies to measure hormone levels in samples.

Tests that use antibodies to measure the concentration of substances like hormones.

An immunoassay that uses enzymes to detect and quantify hormones.

Measuring hormone levels using fluids without blood draws.

Using antibodies to detect hormone receptors in cells or tissues.

Detecting hormones in tissue using antibodies to study localization.

A technique to detect specific proteins, including hormone receptors, in tissue.

A non-radioactive test to measure hormone levels such as hCG in urine.

The perception of being excluded or isolated by others, triggering stress responses.

A hormone released in response to stress; it helps prepare the body to react to threats.

A hormone released during physical touch, promoting trust and bonding in relationships.

A mental state achieved by focusing on the present moment, reducing stress and increasing relaxation.

A physical response that stimulates the brain's reward system, increasing endorphins and lowering cortisol levels.

The belief that abilities can be developed through dedication and hard work, reducing stress responses.

A practice that reduces cortisol levels and promotes relaxation through focused attention and mindfulness.

A method in behavioral endocrinology to study hormone effects by removing and replacing glands or hormones.

Social rejection activates hypothalamus, releasing CRH and cortisol.

Cortisol increases alertness and prepares the body for stress.

Sensory cues like tone of voice enhance stress and cortisol release.

Chemicals that mimic hormones and disrupt normal hormonal function.

BPA mimics estrogen by binding to its receptors, affecting behavior.

PCBs mimic thyroid hormones, disrupting their signaling and affecting development.

A field combining psychology, endocrinology, and neuroscience to study hormones and behavior.

Originating from Aristotle's observations, key milestones include journals and societies established in the mid-20th century.

Chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream to target organs.

Organs influenced by hormones affecting behaviors like singing.

Testosterone can increase aggression by affecting brain areas and sensitivity to threats.

Cells that have specific receptors for a particular hormone.

Testosterone influences the amygdala, affecting emotional responses and decision-making.

Regulate key bodily functions like metabolism and reproduction.

Hormones can trigger behaviors, like mating, by regulating physiology.

Exercise increases testosterone and growth hormone while releasing endorphins.

Positive social interactions can decrease cortisol and increase oxytocin levels.

Prepares the body for 'fight or flight' response during stress.

Signals the body to prepare for sleep, regulates sleep cycles.

Caring for babies raises oxytocin and prolactin supporting bonding and milk production.

Hormones act slowly over distances, neurotransmitters act quickly and locally.

Winning increases testosterone while losing reduces it, affecting dominance behavior.

Hormones interact with receptors to trigger cellular events and pathways.

Crying can lower cortisol levels and increase oxytocin, promoting emotional release.

Roosters without testes, exhibiting reduced aggression and sexual behavior.

Castrated roosters show less aggression and no crowing or mating behavior.

Castrated men (eunuchs) experience changes like higher voice and less aggression.

Testes significantly influence physical traits and masculine behaviors.

First formal study revealing hormones influence behavior through castration and reimplantation.

Castrated birds (capons) develop small bodies and pale features, no aggression.

Substances (hormones) affect behaviors and physical traits through the bloodstream.

Berthold's findings laid groundwork for understanding the link between hormones and behavior.