Behavioral Endocrinology and Immunoassays Quiz

A scientific technique that involves removing a source of a hormone and measuring changes in the organism before and after removal. This method helps establish a causal relationship between the hormone and its effects.

A laboratory test that uses antibodies to detect and quantify specific substances in biological samples, like blood or tissues. This method is widely used in hormone research.

A type of immunoassay that uses radioactive labels to detect and quantify substances. This method is particularly useful for studying hormones and their effects.

In radioimmunoassay, the labeled substance (hot ligand) competes with unlabeled substance (cold standard) for binding to the antibody. This competition allows for a precise measurement of the target substance.

In radioimmunoassay, a standard curve is created by plotting known concentrations of the unlabeled substance (cold standard) against the measured radioactivity. This curve helps to determine the unknown concentration of the substance in a sample.

A substance used in radioimmunoassay that is labeled with a radioactive isotope, allowing it to be detected.

A substance used in radioimmunoassay that is not labeled with a radioactive isotope. It competes with the hot ligand for binding to the antibody.

An antibody that binds to a specific substance in radioimmunoassay. It helps to quantify the substance by capturing the hot and cold ligands.

A type of immunoassay that uses labeled antibodies to visualize specific hormone receptors or proteins within tissue sections.

A type of immunohistochemistry that uses one antibody to directly bind to the target hormone receptor, allowing for visualization.

A type of immunohistochemistry that uses multiple antibodies and large binding proteins, like horseradish peroxidase, to visualize target hormone receptors.

A technique that uses radiolabeled hormones to reveal the location of hormone receptors by binding to the receptors and exposing the tissue to a radioactivity-sensitive film.

The study of hormone function and how drugs can alter their activity at their receptors.

A drug or molecule that mimics the effects of a naturally occurring hormone or neurotransmitter.

A drug or molecule that blocks the effects of a naturally occurring hormone or neurotransmitter.

These genes are expressed in neurons after they have been active, allowing researchers to identify which neurons have been firing.

A technique that uses antibodies to identify and visualize specific proteins in cells and tissues. In brain research, it's used to detect IEGs, which are expressed after neurons are activated.

A type of brain imaging that uses X-rays to create detailed images of the brain's structure.

A brain imaging technique that uses magnetic fields to produce detailed images of the brain's structure and function.

A brain imaging technique that measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow and oxygen levels.

A type of brain imaging that uses radioactive substances to measure metabolic activity in the brain.

A brain imaging technique that measures electrical activity in the brain using electrodes placed on the scalp.

A small, pea-sized gland located in the neck, responsible for releasing hormones that regulate metabolism.

A hormone that decreases when you are hungry and promotes food intake, signaling the body to eat.

The male reproductive organs responsible for producing sperm and the hormone testosterone.

Cells within the testes that produce testosterone, playing a crucial role in male sexual development and function.

Cells within the testes that support sperm development and release inhibin, regulating the release of gonadotropins.

A hormone produced by Sertoli cells that acts as a negative feedback mechanism, regulating the release of gonadotropins from the pituitary gland.

The female reproductive organs responsible for producing eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone.

The phase of the menstrual cycle characterized by the development of a mature follicle containing an egg, preparing for ovulation.

The phase of the menstrual cycle that follows ovulation, where the ruptured follicle transforms into the corpus luteum and produces progesterone to prepare for potential pregnancy.

A hormone produced by the placenta that maintains the corpus luteum, which is essential for producing progesterone during early pregnancy.

A class of hormones that are produced by the placenta and play a role in mammary, adrenal, and thyroid functions.

A hormone produced by the adrenal gland that regulates potassium and sodium balance in the body.

A hormone produced by the adrenal gland that regulates glucose metabolism and plays a crucial role in the body's stress response.

Hormones produced by both the adrenal glands and the gonads (ovaries and testes) that are important for sex characteristics and sex drive.

Hormones produced by the ovaries that play a vital role in the female reproductive system, including menstruation and pregnancy.

Steroid hormones produced by glial cells in the brain, which act neurally rather than being released into the bloodstream.

Steroid hormones consist of a specific structure: three 6-carbon rings and a conjugated 5-carbon ring. Modifications to this structure at various carbons lead to diverse steroid hormones.

Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that are named after the organs they target. For example, gonadotropins target the gonads, while thyrotropin targets the thyroid gland.

The HPG axis (Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Gonad axis) is a complex chain of hormones that regulate sexual development and reproductive functions.

The HPT axis (Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid axis) is a regulatory system that controls the production and release of thyroid hormones, which are essential for metabolism and growth.

Growth hormone (GH) is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and plays a crucial role in promoting growth, especially during childhood.

Prolactin is a hormone primarily involved in milk production, stimulated by TRH and inhibited by dopamine.

A large polypeptide composed of 285 amino acids, which acts as a precursor for other hormones like ACTH, beta-endorphin, and met-enkephalin.

Vasopressin is released from the posterior pituitary and targets the kidneys, promoting water retention and increasing blood pressure.

Oxytocin is released from the posterior pituitary and plays a role in uterine contractions during childbirth, social bonding, and milk ejection.

Fat-soluble steroid hormones can cross cell membranes, then bind to receptors inside the target cell, directly influencing gene expression.

The effects of steroid hormones are not immediate because they influence the transcription of DNA, which involves a series of steps, including RNA production and protein translation.