Questions and Answers
Who is a pioneer in the behavior therapy movement, especially in systematic desensitization?
What is the technique called where a counselor rewards a mute autistic child for vocalizations?
Shaping
Which theory is associated with John Krumboltz?
What is a reflection in counseling?
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What are the purposes of summarization in counseling?
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What does interpretation involve in the counseling context?
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What is the purpose of confrontation in counseling?
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What do monitoring instruments assess in the context of career choices?
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According to Vroom, what determines career choice?
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What are the key processes in Bandura's Social Cognition Theory?
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What distinguishes a dysfunctional group norm?
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What does Gestalt theory emphasize?
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Study Notes
Arnold Lazarus
- Pioneer in the behavior therapy movement, noted for systematic desensitization.
- Associated with multimodal therapy, integrating various therapeutic techniques.
Shaping
- An operant conditioning method used to establish new behaviors through reinforcement.
- Reinforcement is provided for closer approximations of desired behavior.
- Different from classical conditioning, which focuses on the association between stimuli.
John Krumboltz
- Developed the social learning theory of career decision-making, influenced by Albert Bandura.
- Crites is linked to the trait and factor theory, while Super's theory based on personality development.
- Bordin is recognized for the psychodynamic model of career choice.
Reflection
- A therapeutic technique that involves restating a client's message to highlight emotional content.
Summarization
- Serves multiple purposes: recap lengthy monologues, provide focus, transition between topics, clarify connections, and review progress.
Interpretation
- Involves suggesting new meanings or perspectives concerning a client's feelings and messages.
- Addresses implicit components of a client's communication.
Confrontation
- Used to highlight inconsistencies in a client's perceptions or attitudes.
- Focuses on areas contributing to the client's issues or hindering progress.
Monitoring Instruments
- Tools like Crites' Career Maturity Index assess an examinee's career readiness and progress.
- Unlike predictive assessments, they evaluate preparedness for career choice.
Vroom's Expectancy Model
- Career choices are influenced by the interaction of valences (preferences) and expectancies (expectations).
- The motivation to choose a career results from the sum of valences and expectancy strengths, not from either one alone.
Bandura's Social Cognition Theory
- Four key elements: retention, attention, and reproduction.
- Retention pertains to remembering behaviors; attention involves recognizing them; reproduction is imitating behaviors.
Group Dynamics
- Dysfunctional norms include focusing on unrelated past issues instead of immediate group objectives.
- While present events take precedence, relevant past incidents may still hold importance.
Gestalt Theory
- Emphasizes the relationship between figure (self-awareness) and ground (surrounding context).
- Highlights how individuals perceive themselves in relation to their environment.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key figures and concepts in behavior therapy, including the contributions of Arnold Lazarus and strategies for working with autistic children. This quiz covers systematic desensitization and multimodal therapy techniques.
