Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the first step in facilitating action according to the content?
What is the first step in facilitating action according to the content?
- Address emotional barriers
- Offer personalized advice
- Eliminate jargon
- Identify target actions (correct)
Which of the following best describes the importance of offering recommendations?
Which of the following best describes the importance of offering recommendations?
- Users prioritize expert suggestions. (correct)
- Recommendations shouldn't be personalized.
- They replace clear next steps.
- They provide complex solutions.
How can barriers to action be effectively addressed?
How can barriers to action be effectively addressed?
- By complicating the action steps
- By ignoring user concerns
- By providing unnecessary details
- By simplifying the action (correct)
Why is timing critical in encouraging a person to act?
Why is timing critical in encouraging a person to act?
What method is suggested to guide people in achieving their goals?
What method is suggested to guide people in achieving their goals?
Which of the following actions should be taken to shape the action experience?
Which of the following actions should be taken to shape the action experience?
What is a key consideration when presenting clear next steps?
What is a key consideration when presenting clear next steps?
What is the strongest driver of long-term behavior change?
What is the strongest driver of long-term behavior change?
How can progress be effectively celebrated to encourage sustained behavior?
How can progress be effectively celebrated to encourage sustained behavior?
What does breaking down target actions into smaller steps do?
What does breaking down target actions into smaller steps do?
Which approach emphasizes building long-term relationships with users?
Which approach emphasizes building long-term relationships with users?
What role do technologies play in behavior change according to the content?
What role do technologies play in behavior change according to the content?
What is essential for creating meaningful context in user interactions?
What is essential for creating meaningful context in user interactions?
Which factor is NOT mentioned as a method to sustain behavior?
Which factor is NOT mentioned as a method to sustain behavior?
Which aspect is highlighted as critical for understanding user behavior?
Which aspect is highlighted as critical for understanding user behavior?
What is a recommended strategy when interacting with users?
What is a recommended strategy when interacting with users?
What is a crucial step to take after identifying a problem and proposing a solution?
What is a crucial step to take after identifying a problem and proposing a solution?
In the context of design communication, what is important for conveying details to developers?
In the context of design communication, what is important for conveying details to developers?
What should be prioritized when developing a prototype?
What should be prioritized when developing a prototype?
Which tool is commonly used to visualize user interactions and experiences?
Which tool is commonly used to visualize user interactions and experiences?
How can a design direction be effectively established?
How can a design direction be effectively established?
What should you avoid when developing a prototype?
What should you avoid when developing a prototype?
Why is it important to communicate design details to manufacturers?
Why is it important to communicate design details to manufacturers?
What type of mapping can help in understanding user experiences thoroughly?
What type of mapping can help in understanding user experiences thoroughly?
What does the term 'affordance' primarily describe?
What does the term 'affordance' primarily describe?
According to Eleanor J. Gibson, what is an affordance?
According to Eleanor J. Gibson, what is an affordance?
How are affordances learned according to the content?
How are affordances learned according to the content?
What role do signifiers play in relation to affordances?
What role do signifiers play in relation to affordances?
What is meant by the 'binary existence' of affordances?
What is meant by the 'binary existence' of affordances?
Which of the following is NOT considered a signifier?
Which of the following is NOT considered a signifier?
What aspect of digital devices is highlighted in relation to affordances?
What aspect of digital devices is highlighted in relation to affordances?
What is the first step in recognizing and mitigating biases within a team?
What is the first step in recognizing and mitigating biases within a team?
What is one key aspect that helps define how colour is used in design patterns?
What is one key aspect that helps define how colour is used in design patterns?
Which step focuses on overcoming barriers to diversity?
Which step focuses on overcoming barriers to diversity?
Which principle emphasizes flexibility in use?
Which principle emphasizes flexibility in use?
What does Principle 5 focus on in terms of design?
What does Principle 5 focus on in terms of design?
What should teams do in Step 1 to enhance sensitivity towards diversity?
What should teams do in Step 1 to enhance sensitivity towards diversity?
Which principle addresses low physical effort in design utility?
Which principle addresses low physical effort in design utility?
Which of the following is NOT a principle related to usable design?
Which of the following is NOT a principle related to usable design?
What is the focus of unlearning in the context of expanding one's worldview?
What is the focus of unlearning in the context of expanding one's worldview?
What is the primary focus of the first diamond in the double diamond model?
What is the primary focus of the first diamond in the double diamond model?
What does the concept generation phase emphasize according to the model?
What does the concept generation phase emphasize according to the model?
Which question is typically addressed in the second diamond of the model?
Which question is typically addressed in the second diamond of the model?
What is the significance of the 'why' in the double diamond approach?
What is the significance of the 'why' in the double diamond approach?
What type of information is crucial in the design process according to the content?
What type of information is crucial in the design process according to the content?
In the double diamond model, what does the finalization process involve?
In the double diamond model, what does the finalization process involve?
How does the double diamond model suggest approaching the development of ideas?
How does the double diamond model suggest approaching the development of ideas?
What aspect of design does the double diamond particularly emphasize?
What aspect of design does the double diamond particularly emphasize?
What is the primary focus of the guidelines for minimizing hazards in design?
What is the primary focus of the guidelines for minimizing hazards in design?
Which guideline is aimed at reducing physical effort in design usage?
Which guideline is aimed at reducing physical effort in design usage?
What should be provided as a fail-safe feature according to the design guidelines?
What should be provided as a fail-safe feature according to the design guidelines?
What does Principle 6 emphasize regarding user interaction with design?
What does Principle 6 emphasize regarding user interaction with design?
What is the significance of providing appropriate size and space in design?
What is the significance of providing appropriate size and space in design?
What does the guideline related to warning features aim to achieve?
What does the guideline related to warning features aim to achieve?
Which approach is recommended to handle repetitive actions in design usage?
Which approach is recommended to handle repetitive actions in design usage?
How can danger from hazardous elements be effectively reduced according to design guidelines?
How can danger from hazardous elements be effectively reduced according to design guidelines?
What is typically associated with tangible interaction?
What is typically associated with tangible interaction?
Which term refers to an initial manifestation of an idea in a target format?
Which term refers to an initial manifestation of an idea in a target format?
What does intangible interaction often involve?
What does intangible interaction often involve?
How are emerging technologies described in the content?
How are emerging technologies described in the content?
What is an important aspect of the relationship between people and machines?
What is an important aspect of the relationship between people and machines?
What does 'smart materials' typically refer to?
What does 'smart materials' typically refer to?
Which type of interface is described as allowing for physical embodiment?
Which type of interface is described as allowing for physical embodiment?
What characteristic is often associated with the prototype phase?
What characteristic is often associated with the prototype phase?
What is essential for triggering target behavior according to the Fogg Behavior Model?
What is essential for triggering target behavior according to the Fogg Behavior Model?
Which component is necessary to facilitate action beyond motivation?
Which component is necessary to facilitate action beyond motivation?
What indicates that a person has sufficient motivation to change behavior?
What indicates that a person has sufficient motivation to change behavior?
How are triggers related to the concepts of motivation and ability?
How are triggers related to the concepts of motivation and ability?
What type of motivation is suggested to drive behavior change effectively?
What type of motivation is suggested to drive behavior change effectively?
Which of the following factors influences whether the target behavior occurs?
Which of the following factors influences whether the target behavior occurs?
What relationship does the Fogg Behavior Model highlight among motivation, ability, and triggers?
What relationship does the Fogg Behavior Model highlight among motivation, ability, and triggers?
What role does motivation play in the chain of behavior according to the Fogg Behavior Model?
What role does motivation play in the chain of behavior according to the Fogg Behavior Model?
What is the primary purpose of persuasive technology?
What is the primary purpose of persuasive technology?
What role does assistive technology play in user experiences?
What role does assistive technology play in user experiences?
Which aspect is integral to the design of persuasive technology?
Which aspect is integral to the design of persuasive technology?
How does persuasive technology aim to effect behavioral change?
How does persuasive technology aim to effect behavioral change?
In the context of assistive technologies, what is the desired outcome when organizing knowledge?
In the context of assistive technologies, what is the desired outcome when organizing knowledge?
What characteristic is fundamental to persuasive technology's design?
What characteristic is fundamental to persuasive technology's design?
What can be a result of effectively applying assistive technology?
What can be a result of effectively applying assistive technology?
What outcome is generally sought after with both persuasive technology and assistive technology?
What outcome is generally sought after with both persuasive technology and assistive technology?
What best describes the difference between interaction and function in design?
What best describes the difference between interaction and function in design?
What is defined as an object's property that provides cues on possible interactions?
What is defined as an object's property that provides cues on possible interactions?
In the context of interaction design, how is the concept of 'use' significantly different from 'function'?
In the context of interaction design, how is the concept of 'use' significantly different from 'function'?
What describes the dynamic dimension of interaction in design?
What describes the dynamic dimension of interaction in design?
How does the concept of affordance support user interactions?
How does the concept of affordance support user interactions?
What role do smart materials play in the context described?
What role do smart materials play in the context described?
Which aspect is highlighted as essential in understanding user behavior in interaction design?
Which aspect is highlighted as essential in understanding user behavior in interaction design?
Which of the following statements accurately represents an incorrect notion regarding interaction design?
Which of the following statements accurately represents an incorrect notion regarding interaction design?
What is emphasized about the button's design in the provided content?
What is emphasized about the button's design in the provided content?
How is the current state of an object communicated through signifiers?
How is the current state of an object communicated through signifiers?
Which aspect of interaction design is highlighted in the content?
Which aspect of interaction design is highlighted in the content?
What is implied about the importance of signifiers in user experience?
What is implied about the importance of signifiers in user experience?
What does the term 'affordance' primarily describe in interaction design?
What does the term 'affordance' primarily describe in interaction design?
In what way can signifiers enhance usability?
In what way can signifiers enhance usability?
What characteristic is highlighted about the interaction design process?
What characteristic is highlighted about the interaction design process?
Which of the following is a potential attribute of effective signifiers?
Which of the following is a potential attribute of effective signifiers?
Which statement best exemplifies the layered relationship between signifiers and affordances?
Which statement best exemplifies the layered relationship between signifiers and affordances?
Flashcards
Comprehension in Prototyping
Comprehension in Prototyping
The process of understanding a problem and exploring various solutions.
Prototyping Tools
Prototyping Tools
Creating rough sketches, navigation maps, user journeys, business models, and other visual representations to communicate ideas and gather feedback.
Prototype Fidelity
Prototype Fidelity
The level of realism and detail in a prototype. Low-fidelity prototypes are basic and focus on functionality, while high-fidelity prototypes are more detailed and resemble the final product.
Assessing and Exploring Prototypes
Assessing and Exploring Prototypes
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Communicating Design Directions
Communicating Design Directions
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Prototype Realism
Prototype Realism
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Developing with Prototypes
Developing with Prototypes
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Iterating and Pivoting Prototypes
Iterating and Pivoting Prototypes
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Clear and Simple Language
Clear and Simple Language
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Personalized Content
Personalized Content
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Facilitating Action
Facilitating Action
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Simplifying the Action
Simplifying the Action
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Addressing Barriers
Addressing Barriers
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Encouraging Goal Setting
Encouraging Goal Setting
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Tracking Progress
Tracking Progress
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Triggering at the Right Time
Triggering at the Right Time
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Double Diamond
Double Diamond
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What is an Affordance?
What is an Affordance?
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Are Affordances Learned or Inherent?
Are Affordances Learned or Inherent?
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First Diamond (Double Diamond)
First Diamond (Double Diamond)
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How are Affordances Learned?
How are Affordances Learned?
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Second Diamond (Double Diamond)
Second Diamond (Double Diamond)
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Discover (Double Diamond)
Discover (Double Diamond)
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What are Signifiers?
What are Signifiers?
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Define (Double Diamond)
Define (Double Diamond)
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How do Signifiers Work in Digital Design?
How do Signifiers Work in Digital Design?
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What is Color Hierarchy in UI Design?
What is Color Hierarchy in UI Design?
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Develop (Double Diamond)
Develop (Double Diamond)
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Deliver (Double Diamond)
Deliver (Double Diamond)
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What are Text Labels?
What are Text Labels?
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What are Icon Labels?
What are Icon Labels?
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WHY (Double Diamond)
WHY (Double Diamond)
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Diversity
Diversity
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Overcoming barriers
Overcoming barriers
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Capitalize on diversity
Capitalize on diversity
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Expanding your worldview
Expanding your worldview
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Unlearning
Unlearning
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Perspective and systematic thinking
Perspective and systematic thinking
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Empathizing with diversity
Empathizing with diversity
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Universal Design
Universal Design
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Celebrate Progress and Reward Users
Celebrate Progress and Reward Users
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Build a Long-Term Relationship
Build a Long-Term Relationship
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Emphasize Intrinsic Motivation
Emphasize Intrinsic Motivation
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Technology as an Enabler
Technology as an Enabler
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Design as a Mediator
Design as a Mediator
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Appropriate Language
Appropriate Language
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Interaction
Interaction
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Use
Use
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Function
Function
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Affordance
Affordance
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Signifiers
Signifiers
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What are Affordances?
What are Affordances?
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What is Double Diamond?
What is Double Diamond?
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What is a trigger?
What is a trigger?
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What is motivation?
What is motivation?
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What is ability?
What is ability?
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How do triggers, motivation, and ability relate?
How do triggers, motivation, and ability relate?
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Prototype
Prototype
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What is the Fogg Behavior Model?
What is the Fogg Behavior Model?
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What is a target behavior?
What is a target behavior?
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Tangible Interaction
Tangible Interaction
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Intangible Interaction
Intangible Interaction
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What is the 'sufficiency' principle?
What is the 'sufficiency' principle?
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How does the 'sufficiency' principle relate to the Fogg Behavior Model?
How does the 'sufficiency' principle relate to the Fogg Behavior Model?
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Minimizing Hazards
Minimizing Hazards
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Warning Features
Warning Features
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Fail-Safe Mechanisms
Fail-Safe Mechanisms
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Preventing Unconscious Actions
Preventing Unconscious Actions
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Low Physical Effort
Low Physical Effort
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Accessibility
Accessibility
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Size and Space
Size and Space
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Accessibility and Mobility
Accessibility and Mobility
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Persuasive Technology
Persuasive Technology
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Assistive Technology
Assistive Technology
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Behavioral Change Design
Behavioral Change Design
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Double Diamond Design Process
Double Diamond Design Process
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What is Interaction Design (IxD)?
What is Interaction Design (IxD)?
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How can you use signifiers and affordances together?
How can you use signifiers and affordances together?
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What is the Double Diamond Design Process?
What is the Double Diamond Design Process?
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What is the First Diamond of the Double Diamond Design Process?
What is the First Diamond of the Double Diamond Design Process?
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Study Notes
Lecture 1 - Introduction
- Interaction design is a field that is difficult to define, a blend of disciplines, existing for less than two decades (Saffer, 2010).
- It is a young field and is still being defined among other similar fields such as Industrial Design, Visual/Graphic Design and User Experience Design.
User Experience Design
- It is an umbrella term encompassing several areas.
- Information Architecture: organizing, structuring, and labelling content effectively and sustainably.
- Visual Design: creating visual language that communicates content
- Industrial Design: shaping objects to increase communication and the usability of functional features.
Human Factors
- Ensuring products conform with the human body's limitations (physical and psychological).
- Human-Computer Interaction, closely related to engineering and computer science methods.
- Architecture, focuses on forms and uses of physical spaces.
- Sound Design: defining noises, spoken words or music to create an aural landscape for products.
Interaction Design by Views
- Technology-centered: a school of thought focusing on making technology more usable and useful and facilitating communication between people through products.
- Social Interaction Design: interaction as inherently social, focusing on facilitating communication between people through products.
- Behaviourist design, where interaction design defines the behavior of artifacts, environments, and systems (Forlizzi and Reimann, 1999).
Lecture 2 - Methods to Analyse the User
- Design Process involves starting with why a user interacts, then what the function is and finally how that function should best be presented.
- Double Diamond methodology: first diamond focuses on understanding a problem, and the second on solving it.
- Tools to analyze users, systems and products/services respectively.
- Methods for analysis of users, systems and/or services include techniques to study users in context.
Methods to Analyse the User
- Direct methods like unstructured interviews, semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, diaries and focus groups are used.
- Indirect methods like observational procedures (shadowing, and camera studies) are used to help understand how people use products.
Lecture 3 - User, Consumer & Customer
- Customer: Someone who consumes a product.
- Resell customers buy products to resell, final customers buy for personal use.
- Consumer: Someone who consumes a product or service.
- Consumer buying behavior is influenced by levels of involvement in the purchasing decision.
- High involvement in purchases leads to complex buying behavior.
- Low involvement in purchases translates to habitual or variety-seeking behavior.
- Consumer buying behavior is influenced by levels of involvement in the purchasing decision.
User, Consumer & Customer - Continued
- User Analysis: Focuses on using a tool that considers users' emotions or reactions and actions, like observing/recording their behavior and motivations.
- Neuromarketing: a method used to study the consumer response and reactions to products or services using neural signals obtained via tools such as eye tracking, pupillometry, and facial coding).
Lecture 3 - User, Consumer & Customer - Continued
- Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: a theory of motivation, detailing the levels of human needs, from basic physiological needs like food and shelter, to more abstract needs like self-actualization.
Lecture 6 - What
- Recap: A summary of previous course topics.
- WHY: Understanding the user. Consider Maslow's hierarchy and individual differences.
- HOW: Designing the form of the interaction, involving affordance and signifiers to guide user input and produce a usable system.
- WHAT: Designing the system features, including the choice of technologies. Specific ways to analyze and design for user-centered products and systems.
Lecture 5 - How of the Interaction
- Affordances: Properties of an object, making its potential uses clear.
- Signifiers: Information supporting affordances such as color or text.
- Controls: Aspects of the system that the user manipulates to control or interact with.
- Feedback: The results of user interactions within the system, providing information for actions or results.
Lecture 6 - What of the Interaction
- Different Approaches to IxD: Several methods such as User-Centered Design, Activity-Centered Design, System Design, and Genius Design.
- Prototypes: Useful Models of the system that can be assessed, explored, communicated, and developed.
- Fidelity: Different levels of prototypes such as low fidelity, mid fidelity, and high fidelity that can be used for a variety of reasons.
Lecture 7 - Intro to Cognitive Processes
- Cognitive Processes: How people process and deal with information within the system/product. Key cognitive aspects involve attention, memory and perception for building interfaces to improve usability.
- Processors/Subsystems: Three categories, Perceptual, Cognitive, and Motor, within the cognitive model.
- Perceptual Channels: Different sensory and feedback loops such as vision, hearing, smell, taste, and touch.
Additional Notes
- Several other lectures covered topics on technology, the user experience and human-computer interaction and different methodologies, tools, and techniques to conduct user research and develop successful systems.
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