Untitled Quiz

Refers to the performance of the locomotor system encompassing muscles, bones, joints, and connective tissues.
Essential for daily activities without discomfort or pain.

Osteoarthritis: Degenerative condition causing cartilage breakdown in joints.
- Idiopathic osteoarthritis affects single joints (knees, hands, feet, hips, and spine).
- Generalized osteoarthritis affects three or more joint groups, common in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.
- Risk Factors: aging, physical inactivity, obesity, smoking.
Low Back Pain: Nonspecific condition with acute or chronic pain and discomfort in the lumbosacral spine.
- Most episodes improve within weeks, but recurrences are common.
- Often becomes chronic with intermittent exacerbations.
- Risk Factors: aging, obesity, smoking, physical inactivity.

Osteoporosis: Systemic skeletal disease with low bone density and microarchitectural deterioration.
- "Silent thief" as deterioration occurs over years without symptoms.
- Risk Factors: gender (more common in women), aging, family history, low calcium intake, low vitamin D, long-term corticosteroid use, physical inactivity, smoking, alcohol consumption.
Fragility Fractures: Result from low-energy trauma (e.g., fall from standing height).
- Sign of underlying osteoporosis.
- Hip fracture is the most serious consequence, leading to disability and death.
- Vertebral fractures are often silent but can cause height loss and back pain.
- Distal forearm fractures (Colles' fracture) occur when breaking a fall with an outstretched hand.

Rheumatoid Arthritis: Inflammatory, autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks joints and sometimes internal organs.
- Symptoms: stiffness, pain, and swelling of multiple joints, especially small joints of hands and wrists.
- Risk Factors: gender (more in women), age (common in middle age), family history, smoking, obesity.
- Disability is a major concern for those with persistent rheumatoid arthritis.

Complex and reciprocal relationship.
Living with painful conditions like osteoarthritis can lead to depression and anxiety.
Psychological distress and depression worsen pain, creating a vicious cycle.
Worsening pain and low mood cause social withdrawal and reduced quality of life.
Mental health conditions increase the likelihood of developing MSK conditions.
- Depression is a risk factor for back pain.
- Poor mental health, life stress, and childhood trauma are risk factors for fibromyalgia.

Painful, limiting, and debilitating, affecting daily lives and productivity.
Biggest contributor to years lived with disability worldwide (YLDs).
Associated healthcare costs: MSK conditions often occur with other conditions, increasing healthcare management costs.
Employer costs: MSK conditions account for a significant portion of absenteeism, burdening employers economically.

Importance of this period for MSK health:
- Children and young people themselves can be affected by arthritis and MSK conditions.
- Adult MSK health depends on healthy bone, muscle, and joint development in childhood.
- Lifestyles habits contributing to good MSK health are often established early in life.

Excess weight puts extra strain on joints, leading to wear and tear.
Obesity can affect bone health by interfering with nutrient absorption, increasing fracture and osteoporosis risk.
Obese adolescents are more likely to experience persistent joint pain, affecting future MSK health.

MSK problems in adults can sometimes be caused by bone and joint shape differences developed early in life.

Work and MSK health are interconnected.
Certain work environments and conditions can negatively impact MSK health, increasing condition risk.
MSK conditions reduce work ability, leading to lost working days and psychological and financial strain.
Work-related pain disorders, such as back pain, are associated with workplace stress, high job demands, and low job satisfaction.
Modifying physical environments and work practices can reduce acute injury incidence.
Early intervention identifies problems and prevents chronic pain, disability, and work loss.

Obesity increases the risk of osteoarthritis, back pain, gout, and rheumatoid arthritis.
It directly damages weight-bearing joints due to increased load.
Obese people are at higher risk of developing osteoarthritis of the knee.
Weight loss at any stage reduces osteoarthritis risk and improves symptoms.
A combination of dietary restriction and exercise is best for managing symptoms.