BASIS AHWATUKEE Chemistry 7 Study Guide

The smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element.

A pure substance made up of only one type of atom.

A pure substance made up of two or more different elements chemically bonded together.

A mixture where the components are evenly distributed and cannot be easily separated.

A mixture where the components are not evenly distributed and can be easily separated.

The substance that dissolves the solute in a solution.

The substance that is dissolved in the solvent in a solution.

The amount of mass per unit volume of a substance.

The principle that states that the buoyant force on an object submerged in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.

The separation technique that uses a filter to separate solids from liquids based on particle size.

The change of a solid turning into a liquid when heat is added.

The change of a liquid turning into a gas when heat is added.

The change of a gas turning into a liquid when heat is removed.

The change of a liquid turning into a solid when heat is removed.

The change of a solid turning into a gas without going through the liquid phase. It requires a specific amount of heat energy.

When naming a binary ionic compound, use a Roman numeral to indicate the charge of the transition metal.

A covalent compound, where two or more nonmetals share electrons, is named using prefixes to indicate the number of atoms of each element.

Lewis Dot Structures use dots to represent valence electrons and lines to represent shared pairs of electrons in covalent bonds.

The less electronegative element is written first in naming a covalent compound, followed by the more electronegative element.

In naming covalent compounds, the suffix -ide is added to the second element listed (unless it's a PAI).

In naming compounds with polyatomic ions (PAI) acting as nonmetals, the metal is named first, followed by the polyatomic ion's name.

In naming compounds with polyatomic ions (PAI) acting as metals, the PAI is named first, followed by the nonmetal with the suffix -ide.

Significant figures are used to indicate the precision of a measurement. The rules for counting significant figures help ensure the precision of calculations.

A change in a substance that alters its chemical composition, resulting in the formation of a new substance with different properties.

A change in a substance that only alters its physical appearance, not its chemical composition. The substance remains the same.

Positively charged particles in an atom located in the nucleus. The number of protons defines the element.

Neutral particles in an atom located in the nucleus. The number of neutrons contributes to the atom's mass.

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons, resulting in different masses.

Negatively charged particles in an atom that are found in electron clouds. The number of electrons can change an atom's charge.

Atoms with a net electrical charge due to a gain or loss of electrons.

Positively charged ions, formed when an atom loses electrons.

Negatively charged ions, formed when an atom gains electrons.

Elements located on the left side of the periodic table, generally good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, and ductile.

Elements located between metals and nonmetals, possessing properties of both. Often used in semiconductors.

Elements located on the right side of the periodic table, generally poor conductors of heat and electricity, brittle, and non-malleable.

The horizontal rows of the periodic table. Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells.

The vertical columns of the periodic table. Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons.

The electrons in the outermost shell of an atom, which participate in chemical bonding.

Heat is the transfer of energy between objects at different temperatures. It flows from a hotter object to a colder object, and its unit is Joules (J).

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. It tells us how hot or cold something is. The unit is Celsius (°C) or Fahrenheit (°F).

Atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom's nucleus and is characteristic of a specific element. It determines the element's identity because it doesn't change during chemical reactions.

Group number on the periodic table tells us the number of valence electrons an element has in its outermost shell. Valence electrons are the electrons involved in chemical bonding.

Period number on the periodic table tells us the number of energy levels (electron shells) an element has.

The number of neutrons in an atom's nucleus is calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the mass number.

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus is equal to the number of electrons in a neutral atom.

Valence electrons participate in chemical bonding by either gaining, losing, or sharing electrons with other atoms.

A separation technique used to separate a solid from a liquid by pouring the liquid off the top.

A technique that involves heating a mixture to evaporate a liquid, then condensing the vapor to collect the liquid in a separate container.

A separation technique that uses the different rates at which substances travel through a stationary phase to separate them.

A pure substance made up of two or more types of atoms that are chemically bonded together.

A mixture where the components are not evenly distributed and can be easily separated.

A pure substance made up of only one type of atom.

A mixture where the components are evenly distributed and cannot be easily separated.

A representation of a substance where the particles are shown as either atoms or molecules.

The smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element.