Chemistry Chapter 6 Study Guide

Questions and Answers

Who compiled a list of the known elements and how many there were, in 1790?

Antoine Lavoisier; 33

What is the name of the group that met in Germany?

First International Congress of Chemists (FICC)

What was Cannizzaro remembered for and what did he establish?

Reviving interest in the work of Amadeo Avogadro; established the basis of determining atomic masses

What was the goal of the First International Congress of Chemists?

Determine an accurate and constant method of measuring atomic mass Signup and view all the answers

What was John Newlands' proposal?

An organization scheme; Law of Octaves Signup and view all the answers

What is the Law of Octaves?

Elements arranged by increasing atomic mass repeat their properties every 8th element Signup and view all the answers

What was Mendeleev's contribution to the periodic table and how did he organize it?

Organized the elements by atomic mass; discovered elements within a column had similar properties Signup and view all the answers

How many elements did Mendeleev propose were yet to be found?

3 Signup and view all the answers

What was Moseley's contribution to the periodic table and how did he organize it?

Discovered that each element has a unique nuclear charge; rearranged table by atomic number Signup and view all the answers

What explains the similarity of family properties in the periodic table?

Electron configuration Signup and view all the answers

What is the electron configuration?

Are similar within each column Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Historical Contributions to Chemistry

Antoine Lavoisier compiled a list of known elements in 1790, identifying a total of 33 elements.
The First International Congress of Chemists (FICC) convened in Germany, focusing on advancements in chemistry.

Notable Figures and Their Works

Cannizzaro is recognized for reviving interest in Amadeo Avogadro's work and established foundational methods for determining atomic masses.
John Newlands introduced the "Law of Octaves," proposing a systematic organization of elements based on the repetition of properties every eight elements when arranged by increasing atomic mass.

Periodic Table Development

Dmitri Mendeleev organized the periodic table according to atomic mass and identified that elements in the same column exhibited similar properties, predicting three undiscovered elements.
Henry Moseley contributed significantly by discovering that each element has a unique nuclear charge, leading to the rearrangement of the periodic table by atomic number rather than atomic mass.

Fundamental Concepts

Electron configuration explains the similarity of properties among elements in the same group, as it dictates chemical behavior and bonding characteristics.
Electron configurations are particularly similar across each vertical column of the periodic table, underlying the periodic trends observed.

Description

This quiz covers key concepts and historical figures from Chemistry Chapter 6. Review important contributions made by notable chemists, including Antoine Lavoisier and Amedeo Avogadro. Test your knowledge and understanding of foundational chemistry processes.