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Questions and Answers
How many elements are there on the periodic table?
How many elements are there on the periodic table?
about 118
What is the most abundant element in Earth's crust?
What is the most abundant element in Earth's crust?
Oxygen
What is the periodic table?
What is the periodic table?
A periodic table organizes the elements in a specific way to help gather information about them.
How are elements in the periodic table organized?
How are elements in the periodic table organized?
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What does a square in the periodic table typically contain?
What does a square in the periodic table typically contain?
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What is atomic mass?
What is atomic mass?
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How many categories can the periodic table be divided into?
How many categories can the periodic table be divided into?
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What are some properties of metals?
What are some properties of metals?
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What are the properties of non-metals?
What are the properties of non-metals?
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What are the properties of metalloids?
What are the properties of metalloids?
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What are valence electrons?
What are valence electrons?
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How are elements in the periodic table also arranged?
How are elements in the periodic table also arranged?
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What is meant by families in the periodic table?
What is meant by families in the periodic table?
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What are periods in the periodic table?
What are periods in the periodic table?
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What is Hydrogen in the periodic table?
What is Hydrogen in the periodic table?
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What are Alkali metals?
What are Alkali metals?
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What does it mean to be reactive?
What does it mean to be reactive?
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Study Notes
Elements on the Periodic Table
- Approximately 118 elements are listed in the periodic table.
- Organized based on atomic numbers, reflecting the number of protons in each atom.
Abundant Element
- Oxygen is the most abundant element in Earth's crust.
Structure of the Periodic Table
- The periodic table is a systematic arrangement of elements that provides key information based on their position.
- Each element's square may include atomic number, symbol, atomic mass, valence electrons, and state of matter at room temperature.
Atomic Mass
- Atomic mass is determined by adding the number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
- Represents the weight of the atom.
Categorization of Elements
- Divided into three main categories: Nonmetals, Metals, and Metalloids.
Properties of Metals
- Good conductors of heat and electricity.
- Typically shiny, ductile (can be drawn into wires), and malleable (can be hammered into sheets).
- Reactivity with water, leading to corrosion.
Properties of Nonmetals
- Poor conductors of heat and electricity; generally dull.
- Many are gaseous at room temperature.
- Solid nonmetals tend to be brittle.
Properties of Metalloids
- Exhibit characteristics of both metals and nonmetals, existing as solids that can appear shiny or dull.
- Capable of conducting heat and electricity; ductile and malleable.
Valence Electrons
- Electrons located in the outermost energy level of an atom.
- Important in chemical bonding as they are transferred or shared between atoms.
- The number of valence electrons can also be indicated in the periodic table squares.
Grouping of Elements
- Elements are grouped into families (columns) based on similar properties and the number of valence electrons.
- Additionally organized into periods (horizontal rows) where elements generally do not share similar properties.
Families (Groups) in the Periodic Table
- Elements in a family share similar properties and have the same number of valence electrons.
- Families are also referred to as groups.
Periods in the Periodic Table
- Each period consists of a horizontal row with elements that vary widely in properties.
- The first element in a period is a solid, while the last is typically a gas.
Hydrogen
- Hydrogen is positioned at the top of the alkali metal family but forms its own distinct group.
- It is a gas with one proton, one electron, and only needs two electrons for a full valence shell.
Alkali Metals
- Characterized by having one electron in their outermost energy level, making them highly reactive.
- Found in the first column of the periodic table and possess a shiny, clay-like texture.
- React violently with water and are only found in nature in compound form, never as free elements.
Reactivity of Elements
- Reactive elements easily bond with others to form compounds, typically due to an incomplete valence shell.
- The octet rule explains that most atoms aim to have eight electrons in their outermost shell for stability, affecting their reactivity.
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Description
This study guide provides key information about the element families on the periodic table. It covers definitions, the most abundant elements, and the organization of the periodic table. Perfect for students preparing for chemistry exams.
