Basic Tissues of the Body and Skin Functions

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Questions and Answers

Which type of tissue is characterized by closely packed cells and minimal matrix?

Muscular tissue

Nervous tissue

Connective tissue

Epithelial tissue (correct)

What is a key characteristic that distinguishes connective tissue from epithelial tissue?

Widely separated cells (correct)

Presence of a basement membrane

Avascularity

Absence of free surfaces

Which of the following is NOT a type of specific connective tissue?

Bone

Blood

Cartilage

Epithelial tissue (correct)

What type of connective tissue is classified as non-specific?

Dermis of skin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is part of the fasciae of the body?

Bursae Signup and view all the answers

What determines hair color?

The amount and type of melanin present Signup and view all the answers

What type of hair texture is associated with an oval-shaped hair shaft?

Wavy hair Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is responsible for producing wax in the ears?

Wax gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of superficial fascia?

Binds skin to underlying tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fascia contains no fat?

Deep fascia Signup and view all the answers

What happens to melanocyte activity with age?

It becomes less active Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of deep fascia?

Providing medium for nerves Signup and view all the answers

Gray hair is caused by which of the following factors?

A mixture of pigmented and non-pigmented hairs Signup and view all the answers

Which function of the skin is primarily responsible for regulating body temperature?

Insulation and fluid retention Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of melanin in the skin?

To provide color and protect against UV damage Signup and view all the answers

What structures are primarily responsible for fingerprints?

Papillary layer of the dermis Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the skin is involved in synthesizing and storing melanin?

Germinative layer of the epidermis Signup and view all the answers

What type of fibers found in the dermis helps restrict the spread of pathogens?

Collagen fibers Signup and view all the answers

Which skin pigment is responsible for providing the yellow hue?

Carotene Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the functions of the sensory receptors located in the skin?

Detect changes in temperature, touch, and pain Signup and view all the answers

What substance is primarily excreted through the skin?

Water and salts Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Basic Tissues of the Body

Epithelium: Closely packed cells with minimal matrix, typically has a free surface and a basement membrane.
- Covering or lining epithelium: Found in epidermis of skin.
- Glandular epithelium: Responsible for secretion.
- Neuroepithelium: Specialized for sensory functions.
Connective Tissue: Widely separated cells with abundant matrix. No free surface, highly vascularized (except hyaline cartilage).
- Non-specific connective tissue: Binds and supports organs.
- Specific connective tissue: Includes blood, cartilage, and bone.
Muscular tissue: Responsible for movement.
Nervous tissue: Transmits and processes information.

Skin

Function:
- Protection from infection, temperature changes, UV radiation, chemicals, and water loss.
- Regulates body temperature.
- Sensory perception.
- Vitamin D production.
Structure:
- Epidermis (superficial layer): Contains a horny layer made of keratin and a germinative layer responsible for cell regeneration.
- Dermis (deep layer):
  - Papillary layer: Nourishes epidermis and responsible for fingerprints.
  - Reticular layer: Restricts pathogen spread, stores fat, attaches skin to deeper structures, houses sensory receptors, and contains blood vessels for thermoregulation.
- Collagen fibers and lines of cleavage (Langer's lines): Influence the direction of skin tension.
- Skin creases: Appear in areas of repetitive movement.
Skin appendages:
- Hair: Grows from follicles, is supplied by sympathetic nerves.
- Nails: Protect and support finger and toe tips.
- Glands:
  - Sebaceous glands: Produce oil to lubricate skin and hair.
  - Sweat glands: Produce sweat for thermoregulation.
  - Wax glands: Modified sweat glands in ears.
  - Mammary glands: Modified sweat glands that produce milk in females.

Fascia

Superficial fascia:
- Function: Movement of skin, soft padding, pathway for nerves and blood vessels, body temperature regulation.
- Characters: Loose fibroareolar (fatty)
- Contents: Superficial veins, mammary gland, lymph nodes, cutaneous nerves, and sweat glands.
Deep fascia:
- Function: Encases muscles and provides structural support.
- Characters: Dense, fibrous, lacking fat.
- Contents: Muscles, nerves, and blood vessels.

Deep Fascia Modifications

Aponeurosis: Wide, flat tendon sheet. Examples: Palmar and plantar aponeurosis, external oblique aponeurosis.
Fibrous septa: Divisions within fascia that separate muscle groups.
- Intermuscular septa: Separates muscles within compartments.
Ligaments: Strong fibrous connective tissues that connect bones.
Retinacula: Bands of fibrous tissue that hold tendons in place.
- Flexor and extensor retinacula: Hold tendons of the wrist and ankle.
Fibrous sheaths: Tube-like structures that surround tendons.
- Fibrous flexor sheath: Encases tendons of the fingers.
- Carotid sheath: Surrounds major blood vessels and nerves in the neck.
- Femoral sheath: Encases major blood vessels and nerves in the thigh.
Bursae: Fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between tendons and bones.

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Description

Explore the essential types of tissues in the human body, including epithelium, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues. Additionally, learn about the structure and function of the skin, focusing on its protective and regulatory roles. This quiz is designed to reinforce your understanding of basic biological concepts.