Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of dermal vasculature?
Which structure is responsible for the formation of fingerprints and increasing grip friction?
What can cause the formation of striae or stretch marks in the skin?
What is the study of the patterns of epidermal ridges known as?
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Which of the following components of the deep plexus is responsible for connecting to larger blood and lymphatic vessels in the dermis?
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What is the primary function of sebaceous glands in relation to hair follicles?
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Which layer of the skin contains the dermal root sheath and arrector pili muscle?
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At what developmental stage do hair bulbs begin to form?
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What type of cells are responsible for the sensation of touch in the epidermis?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the dermis?
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Where are sex pheromones primarily produced in the skin structure?
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Which layer lies beneath the dermis and connects the skin to underlying tissues?
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During which week of development do mesoderm-filled papillae of the hair develop?
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What is the main function of eccrine sweat glands?
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What type of epithelium is found in the secretory components of eccrine sweat glands?
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Where are eccrine sweat glands most numerous in the body?
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What is the term for the natural lines along which the skin tends to split when incised?
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Which cell type in eccrine sweat glands is responsible for producing sweat?
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What type of secretion do eccrine glands undergo?
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What happens when an incision is made against Langer's lines?
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What type of granules do dark cells in eccrine sweat glands contain?
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Study Notes
Deep Plexus
- Composed of dense irregular connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers.
- Contains larger blood and lymphatic vessels near the dermis-subcutaneous layer interface.
- Houses adipose cells, hair follicles, nerves, sebaceous glands, and sudoriferous glands.
Striae (Stretch Marks)
- Occur when skin is excessively stretched.
- Indicate a breakdown of collagen fibers.
Lines of Cleavage
- Also known as tension lines, they show the predominant direction of collagen fibers in the skin.
- Surgical incisions along these lines tend to minimize scarring.
Epidermal Ridges
- Reflect the contours of underlying dermal papillae, forming fingerprints and footprints.
- Increase grip by enhancing friction.
Dermal Vasculature
- Plays a crucial thermoregulatory role via arteriovenous anastomoses (shunts) between major plexuses.
- Reduces blood flow in the papillary layer to minimize heat loss in cold conditions.
- Increases blood flow to enhance heat loss in hot conditions, helping to maintain constant body temperature.
Lymphatic System
- Lymphatic vessels begin in dermal papillae and converge into two plexuses alongside blood vessels.
Dermis Characteristics
- Thickness ranges from 0.5 to 4 mm; thinnest at eyelids and thickest at heels.
- Richly innervated, with crucial sensory functions.
Development of the Integumentary System
- Hair follicles originate around the 12th week of pregnancy as hair buds.
- Hair bulbs form by the 14th week, with sebaceous glands developing from hair follicles.
- By 16 weeks, mesoderm-filled papillae develop, incorporating blood vessels and nerve endings.
- Dermal root sheath and arrector pili muscle form around the hair bulb.
Sweat Glands
- Two types: Eccrine and Apocrine.
- Eccrine glands are widely distributed, especially on foot soles, and consist of duct and secretory components.
- Act as auxiliary organs for excreting nitrogenous waste and excess salts.
- Secretory component contains clear cells (sweat production) and dark cells (filled with eosinophilic granules) which undergo merocrine secretion for antibacterial glycoproteins.
Anatomical Considerations
- Lines of cleavage indicate natural skin splitting points; incisions parallel to these lines heal better, resulting in finer scars.
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Description
This quiz explores the deep plexus, a crucial layer of the skin made up of dense irregular connective tissue that supports various structures such as glands, hair follicles, and blood vessels. It also covers the implications of skin stretching, including the formation of stretch marks and the significance of lines of cleavage.
