30 Questions
What are the three main principles of classical cell theory?
- All organisms are made of cells. 2. A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. 3. Cells arise from pre-existing cells.
How many cells make up the human body?
Approximately 30 trillion cells.
What is the main difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms?
Unicellular organisms are made up of a single cell, while multicellular organisms are made up of multiple cells.
What is the role of DNA in a cell according to modern cell theory?
The cell contains hereditary information (DNA) which is passed on from cell to cell during cell division.
What is the significance of cell specialization?
Cells vary in size and structure as they are specialized to perform different functions.
What does the modern cell theory state about the chemical composition of cells?
All cells are basically the same in chemical composition.
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum in a cell?
Sorts and packages the proteins
What is the main role of mitochondria in a cell?
Produces the energy molecule ATP
What is the structure that surrounds the nucleus of a cell?
Nuclear envelope
What is the function of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?
Contains the genetic material DNA and is the control center of the cell
What is the substance found within the nucleus that composes the genetic material of a cell?
Chromatin
What is the role of the nucleolus in a cell?
Largest structure that is involved in ribosome production
What must a cell have in order for nutrients to enter efficiently?
High surface area to volume ratio
What is the size of a typical human red blood cell (RBC)?
Roughly 5 micrometres
Which cell is the largest in the human body?
Ovum or egg cell
Why are erythrocytes (RBCs) disc-shaped with a flatter concave center?
To enable them to squeeze through tiny capillaries
What is the shape of nerve cells and how does it help their function?
Long extensions (axons and dendrites); help pass signals quickly
What are organelles in eukaryotic cells?
Internal structures that perform specific functions
What is the main component of the cell membrane that forms a double layer acting like a fence?
Phospholipids
How does cholesterol affect the plasma membrane?
Cholesterol spaces out the phospholipid molecules and affects membrane fluidity.
What is the role of carbohydrates in the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells?
Carbohydrates maintain the stability of the cell membrane and facilitate cellular recognition.
List two functions of the cell membrane.
Regulates exchange of substances between inside and outside of cell, involved in communication.
What are the two parts of a phospholipid molecule?
Polar hydrophilic head and non-polar hydrophobic tails.
Why are carbohydrates important for cellular recognition?
Carbohydrates are crucial for cellular recognition as they allow cells to connect to form tissues and are part of the immune response.
What are the main functions of integral proteins in the cell membrane?
Integral proteins serve as channels, carriers, and receptors in the cell membrane.
Describe the role of peripheral proteins in the cell membrane.
Peripheral proteins can act as cell adhesion molecules anchoring neighboring cells and contribute to the cytoskeleton.
What is the cytoplasm and what structures are found within it?
The cytoplasm is the area between the cell membrane and the nucleus, containing cytosol, organelles, and the cytoskeleton.
What is the composition of the cytosol?
Cytosol contains soluble proteins, salt, water, fatty acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, and enzymes.
Where do chemical reactions in prokaryotes occur?
Chemical reactions in prokaryotes occur in the cytosol.
What is the function of receptors in integral proteins?
Receptors bind to specific molecules and generate chemical signals that initiate intracellular reactions.
Test your knowledge on the nucleus, the largest organelle in eukaryotic cells, which contains the genetic material DNA and acts as the control center.
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