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Which type of network transmission typically provides a speed of at least 25 Mbps?
What is the primary technology that allows dial-up networks to transmit digital data over analog lines?
Which layer of the network protocol hierarchy is responsible for the physical connection and transmission of data?
Which technology operates at download speeds of up to 50 Mbps on DSL lines?
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What is one of the potential social impacts of computer networks and the Internet?
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Which of the following statements best represents the function of a modem in a broadband connection?
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Which type of network has a speed of 1 Gbps as defined by the Gigabit Ethernet standard?
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WLAN, WWAN, and LAN are all types of which one of the following?
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What is the key characteristic of a 10-gigabit Ethernet connection?
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What is the main benefit of cloud computing?
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What is the primary purpose of Bluetooth technology?
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What does Wi-Fi refer to in networking terminology?
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What is a characteristic of a Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN)?
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What topology allows messages to circulate until they reach their source?
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What is a key feature of a Local Area Network (LAN)?
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What is the primary function of a repeater in an Ethernet LAN setup?
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What describes a Wide Area Network (WAN)?
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How does packet switching work in a WAN?
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What is a potential security concern with wireless networking?
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What does the Internet service provider (ISP) primarily provide?
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What is the primary function of communication protocols?
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In the context of the Data Link layer, what is the purpose of framing?
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Which protocol is specifically responsible for reliable transmission of packets in the Transport layer?
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What role does the Domain Name Service (DNS) play in network communication?
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Which layer of the protocol stack is responsible for error detection and correction?
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What is the main advantage of contention-based protocols in the Medium Access Control layer?
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Which of the following is an underlying communication model used by the Network Layer?
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What does the acronym ARQ stand for in the context of the Logical Link Control protocols?
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What is the primary advantage of using cloud computing over traditional client/server models?
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Which application layer protocol is utilized by web browsers to request web pages?
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What challenge does the dynamic nature of networks introduce to routing protocols?
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Which of the following is NOT a benefit of electronic commerce?
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What is a key characteristic of the Application layer protocols?
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Study Notes
Basic Networking Concepts
- Computer networks are made up of computing devices, nodes, and interconnections.
- Networks can be wired or wireless.
- Wired networks include dial-up and broadband connections.
- Dial-up uses analog telephone lines and can transmit data at speeds up to 56 Kbps.
- Broadband provides transmission rates of at least 25 Mbps.
- Home internet connections include asymmetrical download and upload speeds.
- DSL uses phone lines to send digital signals on different frequencies than voice, with download rates of 5-50 Mbps and upload rates of 1-5 Mbps.
- Cable modems use cable TV lines, offering download speeds up to 100 Mbps and upload speeds averaging 3-5 Mbps.
- Commercial and institutional internet connections include Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, and Gigabit Ethernet.
- Ethernet operates at 10 Mbps using a dedicated coaxial cable.
- Fast Ethernet operates at 100 Mbps using dedicated lines like coaxial cables, fiber-optic cables, or twisted-pair copper wires.
- The Gigabit Ethernet Standard operates at 1000 Mbps.
- Wireless data communication uses radio, microwave, or infrared signals to connect mobile computers.
- Bluetooth is a low-power, close-range wireless technology connecting devices like wireless mice, cameras, and video games.
- A Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) allows computers to transmit wirelessly to a base station with a wired connection, typically covering a range of 150-300 feet.
- Wi-Fi is a term for wireless network communication, and the IEEE 802.11 wireless standard is commonly used.
- Wireless Wide Area Networks (WWANs) allow computers to transmit wirelessly to a remote base station with a wired connection, using cellular technology with antennas on miles-apart towers.
- 4G cellular technology transmits voice and data at 50-500 Mbps.
- Local Area Networks (LANs) are wired connections that connect computers, printers, and servers in close proximity, privately owned and operated.
- LAN topologies, like bus, ring and star, affect how computers communicate.
- Bus topology utilizes a shared line where devices take turns using it.
- Ring topology involves messages circulating until they reach the source.
- Star topology sends all messages to a central node that then routes them to their destinations.
- Ethernet LANs with shared cable are bus topologies where the shared cable is within the switch.
- The switch is located in a wiring closet with Ethernet jacks in rooms connected to the switch.
- Wireless base stations also connect to the switch in the closet.
- Wide Area Networks (WANs) are wired connections of computers located at great distances, using dedicated point-to-point lines or a store-and-forward packet-switched approach.
- The internet is a combination of LANs and WANs connected by routers.
- An Internet Service Provider (ISP) provides internet access for private individuals and organizations.
- Domain Name Services (DNS) provide addressing information, mapping host names to IP addresses.
- ISPs exist at various levels, including local, regional, national, and international (tier-1 network).
Communication Protocols
- A protocol is a set of rules governing communication.
- The TCP/IP protocol stack, a protocol hierarchy, defines layers of protocols from physical transmission to application rules.
- The Internet Society establishes standards and promotes research.
- International agreements make internet communication possible.
- Physical layer protocols define rules for exchanging binary data across a physical channel like fiber-optic, twisted-pair, or wireless.
- Data link protocols ensure reliable transmission of bits, handling error detection and correction.
- The Data Link layer has two parts: Medium Access Control (MAC) and Logical Link Control (LLC).
- MAC protocols manage communication on shared lines.
- Contention-based protocols involve a node listening to the line, waiting until it is free, and transmitting when possible.
- When collisions occur, a random delay is introduced before retransmission.
- Logical Link Control (LLC) protocols handle error detection and correction.
- ARQ (Automatic Repeat Request) algorithm is commonly employed for error correction.
- The Network layer protocols transmit messages across multiple nodes in a network, requiring addressing and routing methods.
- The internet's network layer, IP (Internet Protocol), provides a standard for addressing network nodes.
- Host names are human-friendly names for nodes, while IP addresses are unique numerical addresses.
- Domain Name Service (DNS) maps host names to IP addresses.
- Routing involves picking a path through the network from source to destination, seeking the fastest route.
- Transport Layer protocols handle application-to-application communication and reliable packet delivery.
- Port numbers are unique identifiers for programs, and different application types have standard port numbers.
- TCP (Transport Control Protocol) ensures error-free and ordered delivery of packets.
- Application layer protocols handle formatted data transmitted between application programs.
- Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) utilizes a unique URL (Uniform Resource Locator) to identify web pages or services.
- Web browsers use TCP to send formatted messages to a web server and vice versa.
Network Services and Benefits
- Email offers fast, multimedia communication and convenience for reading messages at the recipient's convenience.
- Bulletin Board Systems (BBSs) are public forums for shared communication, evolving into internet forums and chat rooms.
- Instant messaging and texting allow for faster communication.
- Social networking offers fast global communication, potential for rich discussion, and a public platform for contributions.
- Print servers serve all computers on a LAN.
- File servers provide storage for all users.
- Client/server computing involves some nodes providing services while others utilize them.
- Distributed databases and data warehouses store massive data in various online sites.
- Groupware or wiki platforms support collaborative knowledge and data construction.
- Electronic commerce (e-commerce) includes online stores, electronic bill payment, online payment systems, and individual sales worldwide.
Cloud Computing
- An alternative to the client/server model where nodes are local, but the server is off-site.
- Virtualization separates a service from the entity providing it.
- Cloud services include Infrastructure, Application, Platform, and Development.
A History of the Internet and the World Wide Web
- The early years saw Licklider's "Galactic Network" vision in 1962, followed by the ARPA-funded ARPANET in 1966 and the introduction of email in 1972.
- During the middle years, TCP/IP became the established internet standard, followed by the introduction of Telnet and FTP.
- NSFNet broadened internet access in 1984, opening it to universities, government agencies, libraries, museums, and schools.
- Internetworking emerged as networks began connecting in the late 1980s, with ARPANET eventually becoming part of the larger internet.
- NSFNet transitioned to private providers in 1995.
- The World Wide Web was developed by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN, aiming for user-friendly information exchange.
- Hypertext, containing links to other documents, formed the foundation for modern webpages.
- The public release of web protocols contributed to rapid internet expansion.
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamentals of computer networking, covering wired and wireless connections, including dial-up and broadband technologies. It also discusses various types of home and commercial internet connections, such as DSL and Ethernet. Test your knowledge on how different networking technologies operate and their respective speeds.
