Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary action to take when someone is unresponsive and not breathing?
What is the primary action to take when someone is unresponsive and not breathing?
- Start CPR (correct)
- Raise their legs above heart level
- Check for a pulse
- Call for help immediately
How deep should chest compressions be during CPR?
How deep should chest compressions be during CPR?
- 5-6 cm (correct)
- 1-2 cm
- 8-10 cm
- 3-4 cm
What is the compression-to-breath ratio during CPR?
What is the compression-to-breath ratio during CPR?
- 30:2 (correct)
- 20:4
- 10:1
- 15:2
When should you stop performing CPR?
When should you stop performing CPR?
What should you do if there is an embedded object in a wound?
What should you do if there is an embedded object in a wound?
What is the purpose of an AED?
What is the purpose of an AED?
What immediate action should be taken to control bleeding?
What immediate action should be taken to control bleeding?
What is a sign of cardiac arrest?
What is a sign of cardiac arrest?
What is the primary purpose of a tourniquet in medical emergencies?
What is the primary purpose of a tourniquet in medical emergencies?
What should you do if a tourniquet is applied incorrectly?
What should you do if a tourniquet is applied incorrectly?
Which of the following is a suitable pressure point for controlling bleeding?
Which of the following is a suitable pressure point for controlling bleeding?
What is the role of homeostatic agents in wound care?
What is the role of homeostatic agents in wound care?
Which phase of wound healing is characterized by no wound strength?
Which phase of wound healing is characterized by no wound strength?
When is it appropriate to suture a laceration?
When is it appropriate to suture a laceration?
What is the primary focus during the patient preparation phase before a procedure?
What is the primary focus during the patient preparation phase before a procedure?
What is a common complication associated with sutured wounds?
What is a common complication associated with sutured wounds?
What type of suture is recommended for better cosmetic results on the face?
What type of suture is recommended for better cosmetic results on the face?
During wound packing, which action is important?
During wound packing, which action is important?
Which condition should be carefully monitored when applying a tourniquet?
Which condition should be carefully monitored when applying a tourniquet?
What type of agent is tranexamic acid?
What type of agent is tranexamic acid?
Which of the following statements about wound inspection is true?
Which of the following statements about wound inspection is true?
What can result from allowing a tourniquet to remain in place for too long?
What can result from allowing a tourniquet to remain in place for too long?
Flashcards
Basic Life Support (BLS)
Basic Life Support (BLS)
Care provided by first responders during cardiac arrest or respiratory distress, crucial for immediate survival.
Cardiac Arrest
Cardiac Arrest
A sudden, life-threatening condition where the heart stops beating and cannot circulate blood efficiently.
CPR Step 1
CPR Step 1
Check for responsiveness and normal breathing.
CPR Step 2-4
CPR Step 2-4
Check for abnormal breathing, call emergency services, and start CPR (chest compressions and rescue breaths).
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CPR Compression Ratio
CPR Compression Ratio
30 chest compressions to 2 rescue breaths.
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AED
AED
Automated External Defibrillator, a machine that detects heart rhythm and delivers an electrical shock to help restart the heart.
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Bleeding Control
Bleeding Control
Applying direct pressure to the bleeding site using a clean cloth or gauze to stop bleeding.
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Embedded object (Bleeding)
Embedded object (Bleeding)
If an object is embedded in the wound, do not remove it. Apply pressure around and around the object.
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Tourniquet application
Tourniquet application
Applying a tourniquet involves tightening a bandage to restrict blood flow to a limb, used for extremely life-threatening bleeding in emergencies. It should only be applied to the upper extremities or lower extremities by trained personnel in the case of severe injuries.
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Wound packing
Wound packing
Using sterile gauze to fill a wound, providing stability and promoting clotting to stop bleeding.
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Pressure points
Pressure points
Specific areas applying pressure to temporarily stop blood flow from major arteries.
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Homeostatic agents
Homeostatic agents
Substances promoting blood clotting to control bleeding, either topically at the bleeding site or systemically throughout the body.
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Wound healing phases
Wound healing phases
Wound healing occurs in phases. Phases include a lag phase, fibroplasia, and maturation, with each phase contributing to wound repair and strength.
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Sutures
Sutures
Surgical stitches used to close wounds, using various patterns for different types of wounds. Some key suture types include interrupted and running.
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Wound cleansing
Wound cleansing
Cleaning a wound by irrigation with normal saline and/or other sterile solutions.
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Debridement
Debridement
Removal of dead or damaged tissue from a wound to encourage healing.
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Anaesthesia
Anaesthesia
An anesthetic can render a patient unconcious or relieve pain in a specific area of the body
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Initial assessment
Initial assessment
A rapid evaluation of a wound or injury to determine the type and extent of the problem.
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Informed consent
Informed consent
The patient's agreement to undergo a medical procedure after receiving a comprehensive explanation of the procedure, risks, and potential complications.
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Wound complications
Wound complications
Problems that arise due to infections, pain, bleeding, hematomas, or swelling, possibly due to surgical procedures or accidents.
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Equipment for wound care
Equipment for wound care
A collection of tools like surgical scissors, needles, clamps, and sterile materials used for wound care.
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Suture types
Suture types
Methods for sewing wounds. Specific patterns may be 'simple', 'interrupted', 'vertical mattress', or 'subcuticular' for different tensions and skin types
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Lacerations
Lacerations
Tearing of skin or flesh, often caused by sharp objects or injuries.
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Basic Life Support (BLS)
- Refers to care given initially by first responders during cardiac arrest or respiratory distress.
- Immediate, fundamental action. Early BLS can restart a heart. Delays are fatal.
- Cardiac arrest:
- Unresponsive, absent or abnormal breathing (labored breathing, agonal breathing).
- Seizure-like movements at initial stage.
- Heart stops beating; blood circulation stops.
- BLS Steps:
- Check for a response.
- Check for abnormal or absent breathing.
- Call emergency services.
- Start CPR and rescue breaths.
- After AED arrives, switch to AED use.
- AED:
- Detects abnormal heart rhythms.
- Delivers electrical shocks if needed.
- Clear instructions.
- CPR:
- Main priority: Chest compressions (lower half of sternum, 5-6 cm deep, 100-120/min) allowing full recoil of the chest.
- 30:2 compression-to-breath ratio.
- Continue until help arrives or becomes exhausted.
Bleeding
- Direct pressure is the initial response to control bleeding.
- Apply direct pressure to the bleeding site with clean cloth, tissue, or gauze.
- Maintain pressure until bleeding stops or help arrives.
- For wounds on arms or legs, elevate the limb above the heart.
- Deep wounds, large blood vessels, neck, or torso injuries may need special consideration.
- Avoid removing embedded objects. Instead, apply pressure around the object.
Embedded Objects
- Do not remove objects.
- Apply pressure around the object (above and below).
Amputations and Trauma
- Do not use tourniquets in crush injuries or amputations.
- Tourniquets are for life-threatening bleeding.
- Wrap the tourniquet above the wound and constrict blood flow.
- Keep the bleeding site and heart a few inches apart.
- Do not remove the tourniquet until medical help arrives.
- Note potential complications.
Wound Packing
- Wash hands. Remove bandages.
- Clean the wound with saline and sterile gauze or padding.
- Push packing material into wound areas.
- Cover and secure the wound.
Homeostatic Agents
- Substances that promote blood clotting and control bleeding.
- Topical hemostatic agents are applied directly to the bleeding.
- Systemic hemostatic agents are taken orally or injected to promote blood clotting systemically.
- Example: Desmopressin, Factor concentrates, Tranexamic acid.
Wound Healing and Sutures
- Wound healing phases: Lag, Fibroplasia, and Maturation.
- Equipment for wound closure includes staplers, sutures, and instruments for wound preparation.
- Patient preparation: Informed consent, assessment of the wound.
- Debridement removes dead tissue.
- Principles for wound closure: Minimizing tension, closing with minimal trauma, eliminating dead space.
- Sutures include Simple interrupted, Simple running, Deep to inverted knot, Vertical mattress, Horizontal, and Subcuticular.
- Wound healing complications include infection, pain, and bleeding.
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