Basic Features of the Nervous System Neuraxis

They die by apoptosis.

A signal that permits it to survive.

To let them fight to establish synaptic connections.

<p>It increases the size of the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3-4 additional symmetrical divisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide time for 3 more divisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The neuraxis is an imaginary line drawn through the centre of the length of the central nervous system, from the bottom of the spinal cord to the front of the forebrain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anterior refers to structures located near or toward the head, while posterior refers to structures located near or toward the tail.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dorsal refers to a direction perpendicular to the neuraxis toward the top of the head or the back, while ventral refers to a direction perpendicular to the neuraxis toward the bottom of the skull or the front surface of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ipsilateral refers to structures located on the same side of the body, while contralateral refers to structures located on the opposite side of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The different types of brain slices or planes include: cross section (slice taken at right angles to the neuraxis), frontal section (slice parallel to the forehead), horizontal section (slice parallel to the ground), and sagittal section (slice parallel to the neuraxis and perpendicular to the ground).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The motor cortex generates nerve impulses that control the movement of our bodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary function of the meninges is to protect the brain and spinal cord.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The subarachnoid space is the gap between the pia mater and arachnoid membrane, and it is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brain requires a consistent and significant blood supply to function properly and avoid permanent damage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The CSF surrounding the brain and spinal cord reduces the shock and pressure on the brain caused by sudden head movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The blood-brain barrier chemically guards and protects the brain from harmful substances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The brain is the most protected organ due to its enclosure within the skull, the protective meningeal layers, and the blood-brain barrier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CAT scans use X-rays while MRI scans use magnetism and radio waves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An MRI aligns hydrogen nuclei with a magnetic field, then uses radio waves to disturb their alignment. The energy released as the nuclei realign is detected and used to construct an image.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An MRI avoids exposure to ionizing radiation (X-rays).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It shows a tumor in the brain before surgery, after surgery to remove it, and after recovery from surgery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contrast agents help enhance the visibility of certain structures or abnormalities in CT images.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MRI provides very detailed images of soft tissue structures in the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two main goals of research in studying the brain are: 1) Explain behavior by studying physiological processes, and 2) Use generalization to deduce general laws from specific events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The motor cortex generates nerve impulses that control the movement of our bodies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process of generalization is that all humans have a primary motor cortical region located in the same area of the brain, and stimulation of specific parts produces the same movements in all humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The second goal of research is to use reductionism to explain complex behaviours in simpler terms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three behavioral difficulties described are: difficulty talking, difficulty swallowing, and problems with reaching out and picking up objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The complex set of symptoms can be reduced (explained by) damage to the right motor cortex.</p> Signup and view all the answers