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Human Physiology Week 4 - Metabolism Study Guide

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Human Physiology Week 4 - Metabolism Study Guide

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Questions and Answers

What is basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

The minimum energy required for all bodily functions (correct)

The energy required for maintaining muscle mass alone

The total energy expenditure during a day

The energy required during physical exercise

How does muscle mass influence BMR?

More muscle mass decreases BMR

More muscle mass increases efficiency of energy use

More muscle mass has no effect on BMR

More muscle mass requires more energy to maintain (correct)

Which of the following hormones typically increases metabolic rate?

Growth hormone (correct)

Insulin

Aldosterone

Cortisol

What is the typical resting oral temperature range for a healthy person?

97 to 99.5 °F Signup and view all the answers

What effect does sleep have on metabolic rate?

Decreases metabolic rate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions results in a higher metabolic rate?

Fever Signup and view all the answers

How does the body primarily produce heat during metabolism?

Through ATP hydrolysis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

BMR is the minimum amount of energy the body needs to function at rest.
Factors influencing BMR include:
- Muscle mass: More muscle mass requires more energy to maintain.
- Hormones: Growth hormone, testosterone, and thyroxine increase BMR.
- Fever: Increases BMR.
- Sleep: Decreases BMR.
- Malnutrition: Decreases BMR.
- Age and sex: Females and older individuals have lower BMR due to differences in muscle mass, adipose tissue, and sex hormone levels.

Body Heat Production

Approximately one-third of the energy released during ATP hydrolysis is converted to heat.
Microscopic friction also contributes to heat production, such as:
- Blood flow
- Friction within the musculoskeletal system during movement

Oral Temperature Range

Resting: 97 to 99.5 degrees Fahrenheit
Exercise: 101 to 104 degrees Fahrenheit
Cold: Not specified in the text
Rectal temperature: Generally higher than oral temperature.

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Description

This quiz explores concepts related to Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR), body heat production, and factors influencing these physiological processes. Test your knowledge on energy requirements at rest, the impact of hormones, and temperature ranges during different states such as resting and exercising.