Basal Ganglia and Retina Quiz

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Which condition is characterized by left nasal hemianopsia and loss of the left temporal retina?

Partial lesion of the left optic nerve (correct)

Tumor in the right optic nerve

Arterial dysfunction in the left optic nerve

Lesion in the optic chiasm

What type of visual field defect is associated with lesions in the entire visual tract?

Right upper quadrant anopsia

Bitemporal hemianopsia

Left homonymous hemianopsia (correct)

Left upper temporal quadrantanopsia

What causes right nasal hemianopsia and left temporal hemianopsia?

Aneurysmal compression by internal carotid artery

Pituitary tumor

Tumor of the temporal lobe

Lesion in the lateral portion of the right optic nerve (correct)

Which structure is NOT part of the Basal Ganglia major structures?

Thalamus Signup and view all the answers

What type of visual field defect is associated with lesions in the lower optic radiations?

Left homonymous inferior quadrant anopsia Signup and view all the answers

What causes blindness of the right nasal visual field?

Lesion at the level of Optic Nerve Chiasma Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the subthalamus?

Controlling voluntary movements Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the retina contains the photoreceptor cells?

Photoreceptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of retinal detachment?

Separation of neural retina from the pigment epithelium Signup and view all the answers

Which neural circuitry is responsible for the pupillary light reflex?

Parasympathetic fibers from Edinger-Westphal nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of rods in the retina?

Low light vision Signup and view all the answers

Which structural member of the basal ganglia is responsible for contralateral hemiballism when lesioned?

Subthalamic nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of the direct pathway in the Basal Ganglia?

Stimulates the thalamus Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is mainly affected in Huntington's Disease associated with the direct pathway?

Thalamus Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the motor cortex in Huntington's Disease related to the indirect pathway?

It is stimulated Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is characteristic of Parkinson's Disease?

Rigidity Signup and view all the answers

Which region is part of the output from Basal Ganglia to reduce muscle tone?

Reticular Formation Signup and view all the answers

In Parkinson's Disease, what happens to the direct pathway in terms of excitement?

It is inhibited Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Medial Geniculate Body (MGB) in the thalamus?

Processes auditory stimuli Signup and view all the answers

Which thalamic nucleus plays a role in orientation toward visual, auditory, and other sensory stimuli?

Pulvinar Signup and view all the answers

Which hypothalamic nucleus is primarily responsible for the regulation of recollective memory?

Mammillary Bodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Lateral Geniculate Body (LGB) in the thalamus?

Processes visual stimuli Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the brain is responsible for relaying information between regions of the brain and controlling many autonomic functions in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Subthalamus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the habenular nuclei in the epithalamus?

Integration of neurological functions and implicated in addiction Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the basal ganglia is responsible for the initiation and inhibition of gross intentional body movements?

Corpus striatum Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is part of the indirect pathway of the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuit and sends efferent connections to the subthalamic nucleus?

External segment of the globus pallidus (GPe) Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter is released by the neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) that project to the striatum?

Dopamine Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the retina contains the photoreceptors responsible for converting light into electrical signals?

Outer nuclear layer Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the basal ganglia is primarily involved in the regulation of muscle tone and the performance of exact movements?

Corpus striatum Signup and view all the answers

Which structure of the basal ganglia sends efferent connections to the thalamus?

Internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure serves as a cell station to all main sensory systems?

Thalamus Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the diencephalon is described as a large egg-shaped mass of gray matter?

Thalamus Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the diencephalon is NOT visible from the surface of the brain?

Cerebral aqueduct Signup and view all the answers

What is the boundary of the diencephalon component that is bordered bilaterally by the thalamus and hypothalamus?

3rd ventricle Signup and view all the answers

Which structure forms a major part of the diencephalon?

Thalamus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the thalamus in brain function?

Cell station to all main sensory systems Signup and view all the answers

Which structure borders the 3rd ventricle cavity bilaterally with the hypothalamus?

Thalamus Signup and view all the answers

In terms of anatomy, which structure is superior to the Septum pellucidum and Fornix?

Caudate nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the diencephalon is situated on each side of the 3rd ventricle?

Thalamus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the caudate nucleus in the brain?

Motor control in voluntary movements Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies blood to the medial frontal and parietal lobes?

Anterior cerebral artery Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is responsible for supplying blood to the midbrain and thalamus?

Posterior cerebral artery Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is responsible for supplying blood to the posterior limb of internal capsule?

Posterior cerebral artery Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is responsible for supplying blood to the choroid plexus?

Posterior cerebral artery Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies blood to the splenium of corpus callosum?

Posterior cerebral artery Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is responsible for supplying blood to the superior cerebellar artery?

Basilar artery Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies blood to the posterior inferior cerebellar artery?

Vertebral artery Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is responsible for supplying blood to the midbrain?

Posterior cerebral artery Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies blood to the anterior limb of internal capsule?

Anterior cerebral artery Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies blood to the optic tract?

Posterior cerebral artery Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies the anterior cerebral artery and acts as an anastomotic connecting vessel in the Circle of Willis?

Posterior communicating artery Signup and view all the answers

Basal Ganglia and Retina Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which condition is characterized by left nasal hemianopsia and loss of the left temporal retina?

What type of visual field defect is associated with lesions in the entire visual tract?

What causes right nasal hemianopsia and left temporal hemianopsia?

Which structure is NOT part of the Basal Ganglia major structures?

What type of visual field defect is associated with lesions in the lower optic radiations?

What causes blindness of the right nasal visual field?

What is the primary function of the subthalamus?

Which layer of the retina contains the photoreceptor cells?

What is the primary cause of retinal detachment?

Which neural circuitry is responsible for the pupillary light reflex?

What is the primary function of rods in the retina?

Which structural member of the basal ganglia is responsible for contralateral hemiballism when lesioned?

What is the primary effect of the direct pathway in the Basal Ganglia?

Which structure is mainly affected in Huntington's Disease associated with the direct pathway?

What happens to the motor cortex in Huntington's Disease related to the indirect pathway?

Which symptom is characteristic of Parkinson's Disease?

Which region is part of the output from Basal Ganglia to reduce muscle tone?

In Parkinson's Disease, what happens to the direct pathway in terms of excitement?

What is the primary function of the Medial Geniculate Body (MGB) in the thalamus?

Which thalamic nucleus plays a role in orientation toward visual, auditory, and other sensory stimuli?

Which hypothalamic nucleus is primarily responsible for the regulation of recollective memory?

What is the primary role of the Lateral Geniculate Body (LGB) in the thalamus?

Which region of the brain is responsible for relaying information between regions of the brain and controlling many autonomic functions in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

What is the primary function of the habenular nuclei in the epithalamus?

Which part of the basal ganglia is responsible for the initiation and inhibition of gross intentional body movements?

Which structure is part of the indirect pathway of the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuit and sends efferent connections to the subthalamic nucleus?

Which neurotransmitter is released by the neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) that project to the striatum?

Which layer of the retina contains the photoreceptors responsible for converting light into electrical signals?

Which part of the basal ganglia is primarily involved in the regulation of muscle tone and the performance of exact movements?

Which structure of the basal ganglia sends efferent connections to the thalamus?

Which structure serves as a cell station to all main sensory systems?

Which component of the diencephalon is described as a large egg-shaped mass of gray matter?

Which part of the diencephalon is NOT visible from the surface of the brain?

What is the boundary of the diencephalon component that is bordered bilaterally by the thalamus and hypothalamus?

Which structure forms a major part of the diencephalon?

What is the primary role of the thalamus in brain function?

Which structure borders the 3rd ventricle cavity bilaterally with the hypothalamus?

In terms of anatomy, which structure is superior to the Septum pellucidum and Fornix?

Which component of the diencephalon is situated on each side of the 3rd ventricle?

What is the primary function of the caudate nucleus in the brain?

Which artery supplies blood to the medial frontal and parietal lobes?

Which artery is responsible for supplying blood to the midbrain and thalamus?

Which artery is responsible for supplying blood to the posterior limb of internal capsule?

Which artery is responsible for supplying blood to the choroid plexus?

Which artery supplies blood to the splenium of corpus callosum?

Which artery is responsible for supplying blood to the superior cerebellar artery?

Which artery supplies blood to the posterior inferior cerebellar artery?

Which artery is responsible for supplying blood to the midbrain?

Which artery supplies blood to the anterior limb of internal capsule?

Which artery supplies blood to the optic tract?

Which artery supplies the anterior cerebral artery and acts as an anastomotic connecting vessel in the Circle of Willis?

Which artery supplies the posterior inferior cerebellar artery and the cerebellum?

Which artery supplies the falx cerebelli, a sheet of dura mater?

Which artery is responsible for supplying blood to the structures of the orbit?

Which artery is responsible for supplying blood to the pons and the cerebellum?

Which artery is responsible for supplying blood to the anterior cerebrum?

Which artery supplies blood to the posterior cerebrum?

Which artery supplies blood to the anterior spinal cord?

Which artery supplies blood to the posterior spinal cord?

Which artery is responsible for supplying blood to the subthalamic nucleus?

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