Baroreceptors in Aortic Arch and Carotid Sinus Quiz
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Baroreceptors in Aortic Arch and Carotid Sinus Quiz

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Questions and Answers

How is the blood pressure in the inferior vena cava compared to the blood pressure gradient established by the heart's pumping action?

  • Higher
  • Unrelated
  • Lower (correct)
  • Equal

    • What effect does an increase in the blood pressure gradient have on total blood flow?

  • Causes blood stasis
  • Decreases total blood flow
  • No effect on total blood flow
  • Increases total blood flow (correct)

    • How are changes in the blood pressure gradient related to changes in total blood flow?

  • There is no relationship between them
  • They are indirectly correlated
  • They are directly correlated (correct)
  • They are inversely related

    • What factor alters the blood pressure gradient according to the text?

    <p>Cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does a decrease in cardiac output affect the blood pressure gradient?

    <p>Decreases the pressure gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a stronger pump in relation to the pressure gradient?

    <p>Increases the pressure gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the carotid sinus baroreceptors?

    <p>To monitor blood pressure changes in the head and neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are the carotid sinus baroreceptors more sensitive to blood pressure changes than the aortic arch baroreceptors?

    <p>The importance of delivering sufficient blood to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the baroreceptors transmit nerve signals to the cardiovascular center?

    <p>Through the vagus nerves and glossopharyngeal nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between changes in blood vessel wall stretch and baroreceptor firing rate?

    <p>Baroreceptor firing rate increases as blood vessel wall stretch increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reflex do the baroreceptors initiate in response to changes in blood pressure?

    <p>Baroreceptor reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect on the baroreceptor reflexes when blood pressure decreases?

    <p>The baroreceptor reflexes increase blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of baroreceptors?

    <p>To respond to sudden, short-term changes in blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do baroreceptors respond to chronically high blood pressure?

    <p>They adapt to the change in blood pressure and adjust their normal 'set point'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does nicotine affect the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Nicotine stimulates the SA node to increase its firing rate and the myocardium to contract more forcefully, which raises cardiac output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the information provided, would you expect the blood pressure of a smoker to be relatively higher or lower than that of a nonsmoker?

    <p>Higher, because nicotine stimulates the SA node and myocardium, and causes arteriole vasoconstriction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chemoreceptors in the body?

    <p>To regulate respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the two main peripheral chemoreceptors located?

    <p>In the arch of the aorta and the bifurcation of the common carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of vasoconstrictors in blood flow regulation?

    <p>Cause smooth muscle contraction leading to arterioles vasoconstriction and precapillary sphincter closure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates autoregulation in a tissue?

    <p>Inadequate perfusion due to increased tissue metabolic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecules act as local vasodilators during autoregulation?

    <p>Carbon dioxide, lactate, and hydrogen ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does increased perfusion affect the altered levels of certain molecules involved in autoregulation?

    <p>It restores these levels back to homeostatic values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the relationship between the molecules' elevated levels and vasodilation during autoregulation?

    <p>Negative feedback loop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is autoregulation most noticeable?

    <p>When blood supply is temporarily disrupted and then restored</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes hydrostatic pressure?

    <p>It is the physical force exerted by a fluid on a structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate blood hydrostatic pressure (HPb) at the arterial end of a capillary?

    <p>40 mm Hg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between hydrostatic pressure and filtration?

    <p>Higher hydrostatic pressure promotes filtration from the capillary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary force that regulates reabsorption from the capillary?

    <p>Colloid osmotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the text, what does the term 'colloid osmotic pressure' refer to?

    <p>The 'pull' of water into an area due to a higher relative concentration of solutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be assumed about the interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (HPif) for most tissues?

    <p>It is close to zero.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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