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Questions and Answers
Which piece is composed by JS Bach and is part of the St. Matthew Passion?
Who composed the piece titled "Dido's Lament"?
Which composer is associated with the work "La Foscarina"?
What type of composition is Telemann's "Tafelmusik"?
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Which composer wrote the piece "Le Tic Toc Choc"?
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Which composer is credited with the Doctrine of Affections that aimed to emotionally move the soul through music?
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What is the term for the type of opera established by J.B. Lully that featured large-scale productions?
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Which composer is recognized for introducing new Italian styles to Germanic regions?
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Which characteristic is associated with the Italian oratorio established by Carissimi?
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Which work is known to be one of the earliest operas still performed today?
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What does the term 'basso continuo' refer to in the context of Baroque music?
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Which composer's approach to language placement in music is noted for its precision and ability to reflect correct accents?
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What type of sonata did A.Corelli develop characterized by the sequence SFSF (Slow-Fast-Slow-Fast)?
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Which of the following best describes Bach’s use of counterpoint?
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Who was considered the best German mid-Baroque composer of sonatas and utilized scordatura extensively?
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What musical form is characteristic of the trio sonata?
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Which composer wrote many biblical sonatas, depicting narratives such as David and Goliath?
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Which composer is noted for integrating the doctrine of affections into his work?
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What is a strophic bass aria?
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What is a key feature of the oratorio as a musical form?
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Which term describes a type of musical gesture that incorporates sighing effects?
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What does the term 'Concerto Grosso' refer to?
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Which of the following best describes the performance practice issues in relation to Baroque music?
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What is the primary characteristic of the 'Passacaglia' form?
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What distinguishes the 'Sonata de Chiesa' from the 'Sonata de Camera'?
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Which of the following statements about 'Dido and Aeneas' is accurate?
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What defines the 'ritornello form' in Baroque music?
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Which element is common in all Baroque dance suites?
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What is the function of 'obliggato' in a musical composition?
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Study Notes
Baroque Era Listening Assignments
- Monteverdi: "Possente Spirto" from Orfeo is an aria sung by Orpheus in the opera Orfeo.
- Marini: “La Foscarina” is a sonata for solo violin with continuo. It features a distinctive use of the tremolo technique, which creates a shimmering effect.
- Carissimi: "Plorate fili" is the final lament from the oratorio Jephtha. It features a large chorus and uses expressive vocal techniques to convey deep sorrow.
- J.S. Bach: The opening chorus of the St. Matthew Passion is a powerful setting of the Gospel text, opening with the words "Kommt, ihr Töchter, sehet, sehet" (Come, ye daughters, see, see).
- Schütz: Die Sieben Worte (The Seven Last Words) is a setting of Jesus’ last words from the cross.
- Schütz: The Christmas Historia is a cycle of cantatas that narrates the Christmas story. The Intermedium I (The Angel) features the announcement of the birth of Christ.
- Purcell: Music for Awhile is a song from the opera Oedipus. This piece is known for its delicate and expressive melody.
- Purcell: Dido's Lament from Dido and Aeneas is one of the most famous and moving pieces in all of opera. This aria expresses Dido's despair over Aeneas's departure.
- J.S. Bach: The Sarabande from the Solo Cello Suite No. 5 is a movement known for its haunting beauty and its intricate counterpoint.
- Rameau: The Overture to Naïs is a lively and energetic piece that showcases Rameau’s mastery of French Baroque style.
- Couperin: Le Tic Toc Choc is a piece for harpsichord that features playful figurations and a characteristic rhythmic pattern.
- D. Scarlatti: The Sonata in d minor K. 1 is a keyboard sonata that employs a distinctive style, characterized by short, repeated phrases and a dramatic use of dissonance.
- Telemann: Tafelmusik (Table Music) is a collection of concertos for various instruments. The Quartet from Production II, Movement 1 is known for its gentle and flowing melody.
- Corelli: Concerto Grosso Op. 6, No. 8 is an example of the Baroque concerto grosso genre. The last movement is a lively and energetic gigue.
Suite
- A collection of dances, typically all in the same key.
- Allemande: Moderate duple time
- Courante: Quick triple meter
- Sarabande: Slow, triple meter
- Gigue: Typically last and in fast 6/8 meter
Ordre
- Suite that consists of character dance pieces.
Agrements
- Ornaments.
Obbligato
- Musical line that absolutely cannot be omitted from a musical piece.
Scordatura
- Instrument tuned differently than standard tuning.
- Typically for a piece with special effects.
Ritornello Form
- Piece with a recurring melody.
Dido and Aeneas
- Written in 1689
- Based on Virgil’s Aeneid
- Opened with a French overture
- Opened with Dido’s Lament which included a descending chromatic line and ground bass.
Passacaglia
- Repeated harmonic pattern.
Chaconne
- Short repeated bass line with a melody invention on top.
Monody
- Ode sung by a solo actor in a Greek tragedy.
- Key part that led into opera.
Performance Practice Issues
- Understanding Classical music before modern music
- Beware of over ornamentation
St. Matthew Passion
- Communal, monumental, and individual
- Included 78 sections
Coronation Anthems
- Devotional.
Concerto
- Latin: Concertatio - strife
- Italian: Concertare - to agree
- Favored violin
- Two types: Concertino & Ripieno
Concerto Grosso
- Baroque instrumental orchestration with a small group of musicians.
Sonata de Camera
- Dance movements
- Op. 5-12 were violin sonatas
- Op. 6-12 were Concerti Grossi
Sonata de Chiesa
- SFSF (Slow-Fast-Slow-Fast)
Ospedale della Pieta
- Teaching techniques
- Monthly concerts
The Musical Offering 1679
- King Fredrick of Berlin asked Bach to write this challenging piece
- 13 movements, 2 fugues, 10 canons, 1 trio sonata
- 24 arrangements made
- Crab Canon - good discussion point for an essay
- Most famous German violinist of the 17th century
Carissimi
- Famous early Baroque composer
- Established characteristics of the Italian Oratorio
- Wrote Jephtha which was based on the bible story and included the lament of Jephtha.
Couperin
- Wrote Pièces de Clavecin
- Wrote Ordres which are large suites of many pieces
- Used Agrements.
Heinichen
- Studied with Kuhnau in Leipzig
- Wrote two important treatises on Basso Continuo
- Wrote concerti which were colorful, fresh and creative
- Wrote the Passion oratorio which premiered the same time as the St. Matthew’s passion by Bach.
Zelenka
- Replaced Heinichen’s position as KM
- Bohemian Bass Player
Handel
- Gave all the glory to God in his music
- Wrote Italian operas that all begin with a French overture INCLUDING the Messiah
- Wrote Xerses - well known opera
- Wrote the Arrival of the Queen of Sheba - recognizable
- Wrote operas in three acts
Bach
- Had a computer like mind with how notes interact
- Used counterpoint
- Wrote and performed pieces on a weekly basis
- Had incredible joy that showed in his work
- Used the doctrine of affections to give his works expression and color
- Wrote Goldberg Variations - collection of pieces
Terms
- Doctrine of Affections: Like sighing in music, adding specific musical gestures.
- Ritornello: Pause in between measures
- Strophic Bass Aria: Solo piece with a simple bass line that repeats but the melody varies
- Stile Concitato: Musical style known for its passion and agitation.
- Stile recitativo: Vocal style in operas that implements accents and speech patterns
- Trillo: Trill
- Trio Sonata: Piece written in three parts with two violins and a cello
- Oratorio: Sacred Opera
- Testo: Italian word for small book or composition
- Ode: Poem set to music
- Ground Bass: Basso ostinato.
Composers
-
Florentine Camerata: J.Peri, G.Mei, Galilei
- Interested in Greek drama
- LED TO THE BIRTH OF OPERA!
- Composed Orfeo (1607) - oldest opera still performed today
-
G.Caccini:
- Wrote Le Nuove Musiche in 1602
- Used gruppo and trillo
-
Claudio Monteverdi:
- Responsible for the Doctrine of Affections - “The purpose of music is to move the soul.”
- Genius of the Baroque - broke the rules and paved the way for drama
- Wrote 9 books of Madrigals.
- Prima Practica - rules of music before Palestrina
- Prima Seconda - new rules after Palestrina
-
A.Corelli:
- Sonata de Chiesa (SFSF)
- Sonata de Camara
-
Henrich Schutz:
- Most significant German composer before Bach
- Introduced new Italian styles in Germanic regions
- Wrote 500 vocal works, mostly sacred
- Very good at text placement and underlay
- Known for language placement in pieces similar to Purcell
- Christmas Oratorio Intermedium: The Angel
-
Henry Purcell:
- Creative and fresh
- Harmony and melody
- Pieces written in English
- Great ability to place English in music correctly with accents and syncopation
- Loved Dances
- Loved the Ground Bass
-
J.P.Rameau:
- Important theorist
- Responsible for inverted chords
- Wrote French operas such as Les Indes Gallantes
-
J.B.Lully:
- Established a tragedic lyrique opera
- Responsible for large scale operas with much staging
- All began with a French overture
- Able to switch meter to fit language in pieces
- 5 part strings with a bassline
-
G. Frescobaldi:
- Toccatas - keyboard pieces
-
Kuhnau:
- Bach’s predecessor
- Wrote many Biblical Sonatas
- David and Goliath
-
F.Neumann:
- Ornamentation in Baroque and Post Baroque music
- Talk about performance practice issues
-
Heinrich Bieber:
- Best German mid-Baroque composers of sonatas
- Used lots of scordatura in his pieces.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key compositions from the Baroque era, including works by Monteverdi, Marini, and Bach. This quiz covers significant arias, sonatas, and oratorios, focusing on their musical techniques and historical context. Dive into the rich sounds of this fascinating period in music history!
