Bacteriology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which classification does the genus Vibrio belong to?

  • Schizophytes
  • Schizomycetaceae (correct)
  • Pseudomonadales
  • Schizomyces
  • True sexual reproduction is common in bacteria.

    False

    What is the size range of most bacteria?

    0.2µm – 2µm

    The smallest bacterium is called __________.

    <p>Dialister pneumosintes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria form irregular clusters that resemble grapes?

    <p>Staphylococcus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacteria are cosmopolitan in nature and can survive in extreme environments.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one plant-like characteristic of bacteria.

    <p>They have a cell wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of bacteria to their shapes:

    <p>Coccus = Round or oval shape Bacillus = Rod shape Spirillum = Spiral shape Vibrio = Comma shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria has flagella distributed evenly throughout the cell surface?

    <p>Peritrichous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The slime layer mainly protects bacterial cells from desiccation and viral attacks.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the bacterial cell wall?

    <p>To provide shape and protection against mechanical injury and pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The plasma membrane is __________, allowing selective permeability.

    <p>flexible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bacterial structures with their functions:

    <p>Slime layer = Protects against desiccation and viral attacks Cell wall = Provides shape and protection from injuries Plasma membrane = Selectively permeable barrier Mesosomes = Contain enzymes for electron transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial structure is responsible for maintaining osmotic regulation?

    <p>Plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacteria can be considered multicellular organisms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of the bacterial cell wall?

    <p>Peptidoglycan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary component of the cell wall in Gram-positive bacteria?

    <p>Peptidoglycan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flagella in Gram-negative bacteria have two rings in their basal body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reproduction do bacteria primarily use?

    <p>binary fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In bacteria, the process of __________ results in the formation of two daughter cells.

    <p>binary fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of bacteria with their examples:

    <p>Staphylococcus = Gram-positive bacteria Escherichia = Gram-negative bacteria Bacillus = Gram-positive bacteria Klebsiella = Gram-negative bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do porin proteins play in Gram-negative bacteria?

    <p>Exchange of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mesosomes are more prominent in Gram-negative bacteria compared to Gram-positive bacteria.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During bacterial growth, what occurs after DNA replication?

    <p>Development of constriction in the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the graphical representation of bacterial cell growth over time?

    <p>Bacterial growth curve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exponential growth represents a small part of the bacterial life cycle.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four characteristic phases of a typical bacterial growth curve?

    <p>Lag Phase, Exponential (log) Phase, Stationary Phase, Death Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Some bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogenous compounds through a process called __________.

    <p>nitrogen fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the conversion of ammonia into nitrites and nitrates?

    <p>Nitrification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacillus subtilis is involved in the process of nitrification.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one beneficial use of bacteria in agriculture.

    <p>Nitrogen fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following processes with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Nitrogen fixation = Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into soil nutrients Ammonification = Conversion of proteins into ammonia Nitrification = Conversion of ammonia into nitrites and nitrates Bacterial growth curve = Graphical representation of bacterial cell growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is derived from Streptomyces ramous?

    <p>Tetramycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antiserum is used to treat or protect against specific diseases.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of vaccine is the BCG vaccine?

    <p>living vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacteria like ________ produce Vitamin B12.

    <p>Bacillus megathermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following diseases with their causative bacteria:

    <p>Ring rot of potato = Corynebacterium sepedonicum Black rot of cabbage = Xanthomonas campestris Wound infection = Proteus sp. Pneumonia = Streptococcus pneumoniae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterium is used for the production of human insulin (humulin)?

    <p>Escherichia coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lactobacillus acidophilus creates an alkaline environment in the vagina.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cholera vaccine is classified as a ________ vaccine.

    <p>killed vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria are responsible for causing pneumonia?

    <p>Diplococcus pneumoniae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cyanobacteria are a type of eukaryotic microorganism.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called that reduces soil fertility by converting nitrites to atmospheric free nitrogen?

    <p>denitrification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bacterium responsible for cholera is called __________.

    <p>Vibrio cholerae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bacteria with their associated diseases:

    <p>Clostridium tetani = Tetanus Mycobacterium tuberculosis = Tuberculosis Clostridium perfringens = Gas gangrene Staphylococcus aureus = Staphylococcal food poisoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacteria are commonly associated with food spoilage in curd?

    <p>Clostridium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacteria like Bacillus subtilis contribute to increasing soil fertility by converting nitrogen.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure do cyanobacteria form that is referred to as trichomes?

    <p>filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Kingdom Monera

    • Kingdom Monera encompasses prokaryotic, simple, microscopic organisms inhabiting various environments.
    • It was classified by Stanier and Van Neil, and is one of the five kingdom classifications proposed by Whitaker (1969).
    • Organisms within Monera exhibit primitive, unicellular structures.

    General Characteristics of Monera

    • Monera organisms are prokaryotic and unicellular.
    • They lack a membrane-bound nucleus but possess a nucleoid containing DNA, RNA, and proteins.
    • Their DNA is double-stranded and circular, without histone proteins.
    • They typically lack membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, plastids, and Golgi bodies.
    • Their cell walls are rigid.
    • They are cosmopolitan in distribution, meaning they are found in diverse habitats.
    • Their nutrition encompasses both autotrophic and heterotrophic modes. Autotrophs can create their own food, while heterotrophs obtain nutrients, including saprophytes which feed on dead organic matter or parasites which derive nutrition from a host. Symbiosis is a mutual relationship for survival where either one organism receives a benefit, while commensalism involves one organism benefitting and the other organism remaining unaffected.

    Respiration in Monera

    • Respiration in Monera can be categorized as obligate aerobes, obligate anaerobes, and facultative anaerobes. Obligate aerobes need oxygen to survive, while obligate anaerobes cannot survive in the presence of oxygen. Facultative anaerobes can survive in either presence or absence of oxygen.

    Classification of Monera

    • Monera is classified into two major groups: Eubacteria and Archaebacteria.
    • Archaebacteria represent ancient bacteria adapted to extreme environments.
    • Eubacteria are the true bacteria found in normal conditions.
    • More recent classifications are based on ribosomal RNA sequences which resulted in a modern classification into three domains: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. These include Kingdom Archaebacteria, Kingdom Eubacteria, and Kingdoms Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia.

    Morphology of Bacteria

    • Bacteria, based on their shape, are classified into several types: coccus (spherical), bacillus (rod-shaped), vibrio (comma-shaped), spirilla (spiral-shaped).
    • These forms may occur singly, in pairs (diplo-), in groups of four (tetra-), in chains (strepto-), or clusters (staphylo-)
    • Other unique forms include filamentous, stalked, and pleomorphic bacteria which adapt their shape to the surrounding environment.

    Bacterial Cell Structure

    • Bacteria lack membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplasts.
    • Bacterial cell walls are composed of peptidoglycan.
    • Bacterial cells may also be enclosed within a slime layer or capsule, offering protection from desiccation, and antibodies.
    • Cell membranes are located beneath the cell wall.
    • The cytoplasm includes ribosomes, genetic material, and storage granules.
    • Mesosomes are infoldings of the plasma membrane that are important in cellular processes, including respiration.
    • Some bacterial cells have flagella that assist in movement.
    • Protoplasmic structures aid in nutrient storage or protein synthesis.

    Reproduction in Bacteria

    • Bacteria primarily reproduce asexually via binary fission.
    • In some cases, genetic material exchange, or recombination, may occur via conjugation, transformation, or transduction.

    Mode of Nutrition

    • Bacteria are classified based on their method of obtaining energy and carbon.
    • Autotrophic bacteria make their own food, and can be photoautotrophic—harvesting light energy— or chemoautotrophic—obtaining energy from chemical reactions.
    • Heterotrophic bacteria cannot make their own food, extracting nutrients from organic substances produced by organisms. Saprophytic bacteria derive nutrition from dead and decaying matter, while symbiotic bacteria benefit other organisms in their vicinity. Parasitic bacteria rely on a host and may or may not cause disease.

    Economic Importance of Bacteria (including Monera)

    • Agricultural Importance: Bacteria are crucial in nitrogen fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and decomposition processes, impacting soil fertility and nutrient cycling. Bacteria are crucial in sewage treatment and composting.
    • Industrial Importance: Bacteria are integral to fermenting dairy products such as yogurt and cheese, in the production of organic acids, alcohol, and enzymes.
    • Medical Importance:
      • Bacteria are used to produce antibiotics, as well as some vaccines.
      • Bacteria can cause diseases, such as pneumonia, cholera, and tuberculosis, and can pose a risk to both human and animal health.
      • Antisera help combat specific diseases.
    • Harmful Importance:
    • Bacteria can cause spoilage or damage to food and agricultural products, and can cause various diseases in diverse organisms.
    • Some bacteria cause food poisoning, reduce soil fertility, and cause damage to various materials.

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    Monera Students' Copy PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on various aspects of bacteriology, including bacterial classification, structures, and functions. This quiz will challenge your understanding of bacterial characteristics and their survival mechanisms in different environments.

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