Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the role of exoenzymes or toxins produced by pathogens?
What is the role of exoenzymes or toxins produced by pathogens?
- Cause host tissues to reject the pathogen
- Prevent adhesion to host tissues
- Aid in pathogen dissemination throughout the body (correct)
- Enhance the immune system response
Why are bacterial pathogens living inside host cells shielded from humoral antibodies?
Why are bacterial pathogens living inside host cells shielded from humoral antibodies?
- Due to the presence of exoenzymes
- They are primarily eliminated by a cellular immune response (correct)
- Because they inhibit the production of antibodies
- They actively target and destroy antibodies
What distinguishes obligate intracellular pathogens from facultative intracellular pathogens?
What distinguishes obligate intracellular pathogens from facultative intracellular pathogens?
- Method of transmission
- Presence of specific virulence factors
- Resistance to antibiotics
- Ability to reproduce only inside host cells (correct)
Which of the following is a facultative intracellular pathogen?
Which of the following is a facultative intracellular pathogen?
How do pathogens like Listeria gain access to the cytosol of adjacent cells?
How do pathogens like Listeria gain access to the cytosol of adjacent cells?
Which surface receptors do Listeria's internalins InlA and InlB interact with during host cell invasion?
Which surface receptors do Listeria's internalins InlA and InlB interact with during host cell invasion?
How does Listeria escape from the phagosome in host cells?
How does Listeria escape from the phagosome in host cells?
What facilitates the unidirectional movement of Listeria within host cells?
What facilitates the unidirectional movement of Listeria within host cells?
What is the primary difference between the 'trigger' and 'zipper' mechanisms of bacterial entry into host cells?
What is the primary difference between the 'trigger' and 'zipper' mechanisms of bacterial entry into host cells?
Which type of cell does the text mention as one of the most efficient in antimicrobial defense?
Which type of cell does the text mention as one of the most efficient in antimicrobial defense?
What do Salmonella and Shigella use to induce membrane ruffles in intestinal epithelial cells?
What do Salmonella and Shigella use to induce membrane ruffles in intestinal epithelial cells?
How does Yersinia pseudotuberculosis invade host cells?
How does Yersinia pseudotuberculosis invade host cells?
Which bacteria use a 'zipper' mechanism for invading host cells?
Which bacteria use a 'zipper' mechanism for invading host cells?
What is the role of the subset of T3SS1 effectors (SipA, SipC, SopB, SopE, SopE2) according to the text?
What is the role of the subset of T3SS1 effectors (SipA, SipC, SopB, SopE, SopE2) according to the text?
What is the primary role of outer membrane protein invasion during the infection process?
What is the primary role of outer membrane protein invasion during the infection process?
Why is avoiding the lysosome crucial for intracellular survival strategies employed by bacteria?
Why is avoiding the lysosome crucial for intracellular survival strategies employed by bacteria?
Which mechanism do bacteria use to subvert phagocytosis and survive within phagocytes like macrophages?
Which mechanism do bacteria use to subvert phagocytosis and survive within phagocytes like macrophages?
How does Salmonella evade destruction within a phagocyte after being engulfed by macrophages?
How does Salmonella evade destruction within a phagocyte after being engulfed by macrophages?
Which proteins are produced by Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella to escape phagosomes via lysis?
Which proteins are produced by Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella to escape phagosomes via lysis?
What is the significance of IpaB protein in the escape mechanism of Shigella from phagosomes?
What is the significance of IpaB protein in the escape mechanism of Shigella from phagosomes?
Which bacterial species disseminate within non-phagocytic cells via cell-to-cell spread?
Which bacterial species disseminate within non-phagocytic cells via cell-to-cell spread?
How do most host cells eliminate pathogens taken up through phagocytosis?
How do most host cells eliminate pathogens taken up through phagocytosis?
What is a key challenge faced by intracellular pathogens living in vacuoles?
What is a key challenge faced by intracellular pathogens living in vacuoles?
What is the primary mechanism employed by bacteria to avoid intracellular killing in host cells?
What is the primary mechanism employed by bacteria to avoid intracellular killing in host cells?
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